1081 câu hỏi trắc nghiệm tiếng anh tài chính, kinh tế, ngân hàng và Đáp án (CFA lv1)

An economy which is experiencing substantial inflation and slow economic growth is said to be in: * a contraction. * a stagflation. * a hyperinflation. * a recession. That answer is incorrect. Correct answer: a stagflation. High and variable inflation rates have severe negative impact on an economy. At times, the economy spirals into a cycle of extremely slow growth and very high inflation. This stagnant state battered by rising prices is called "stagflation." ------------------------------ Congress proposes to stimulate the economy by cutting taxes for middle income families but raising taxes for wealthier tax payers. The effect will be the same net taxes collected, but most tax payers would pay less in taxes. According to which of the following economic theories would this stimulate the economy? I. fiscal policy II. supply-side III. monetary policy * I, III * none of these answers is correct * III only * I, II, III * I only * II only That answer is incorrect. Correct answer: none of these answers is correct Since there was no net reduction in taxes, the tax plan would not create a fiscal stimulus. Marginal tax rates have effectively increased under this plan,implying a negative supply-side impact. Monetary policy involves changing the money supply, which is not applicable here. ------------------------------ An increase in the nominal interest rate would * encourage people to hold larger money balances. * cause households to increase consumption. * encourage people to hold smaller money balances. * force the Fed to reduce the money supply. That answer is incorrect. Correct answer: encourage people to hold smaller money balances. The nominal interest rate represents the opportunity cost of holding money as cash-money held as cash earns no interest. Money held in some checking accounting or other interest bearing accounts earns a positive interest rate. Thus, money held ascash could be earning this interest rate. An increase in the nominal interest rate encourages people to hold less money as cash and to hold more money in interest bearing accounts since theycan now earn a greater return by doing so. ------------------------------ An increase in the long-run aggregate supply curve indicates that * unemployment has increased. * employment has increased. * natural unemployment has increased. * potential real GDP has increased. That answer is incorrect. Correct answer: potential real GDP has increased. Short run increases in aggregate supply do not shift the long run potential of the economy; only increases in the long run aggregate supply curve will effectively increase potential GDP. Short run aggregate supply may exceed the long run potential of the economy but only temporarily. ------------------------------ Which of the following will most likely occur in the short run when the long-run equilibrium of an economy is disturbed by an unanticipated decrease in aggregate demand? * an increase in output and a lower price level * a decrease in output and a higher price level * an increase in output while prices remain unchanged * a decrease in output and a lower price level That answer is incorrect. Correct answer: a decrease in output and a lower price level In response to a decline in aggregate demand, resources may be inflexible; that is, they may not decline sufficiently to adjust to the reduction in aggregate demand. As a result, there will be a recession in which output declines and prices in other markets decline