Luận án The universality and specificity of the new perceptions on socialism in the world today

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS VU THE TUNG THE UNIVERSALITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE NEW PERCEPTIONS ON SOCIALISM IN THE WORLD TODAY SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS Field of Study: Scientific Socialism Code: 62 22 03 08 HA NOI - 2017 The thesis is completed at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Supervisors: 1. Assoc.Prof., Dr. Nguyen Quoc Pham 2. Assoc.Prof., Dr. Nguyen Van Oanh Reviewer 1: .......................................................... ......................................................... Reviewer 2: .......................................................... ......................................................... Reviewer 3: .......................................................... ......................................................... The thesis will be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy level, at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At hour date month year 2017 The thesis can be found at the National Library and the Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The urgency of the thesis In 1848, Marxism marked an important turning point in the history of socialist ideology, bringing socialism from utopianism into science. Based on the concept of historical materialism, K. Marx and F. Engel made scientific predictions about the emergence of a new socio-economic form: socialist socio-economic form with the common rules that underpin the building of socialism, communism, and pointed out that the application of these universal rules must always be based on "real land", in accordance with the specific conditions of each country. After the Russian October Revolution in 1917, socialism moved from a theory to reality. Particularly, since World War II, socialism has become a world system. The socialist countries on the way of development apply the common rules that Marxism-Leninism has shown and achieve brilliant achievements in the fields of economics, politics, literature. chemical, social, scientific-technical, security-defense, etc. However, besides the achievements, the socialist countries also have limitations in the perception and building of socialism: the absolutization of the general law, belittlement of specific laws; considering the experience of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the construction of socialism as the fundamental basis for the entire international communist movement, etc. This led to the application of Soviet model dogmas to the socialist state, which degrades creativity and exploration of its own path of development. When the Soviet model does not fit a reality of crisis, the crisis affects the whole system. Facing this fact, the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries carried out the reform. However, by gradually departing from the common principles of scientific socialism, reforms in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe failed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Socialist countries such as China, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba have reformed, renewed and upheld the common principle of socialist science, persisted in Marxism-Leninism, 2 combining popularity with peculiarity, forming a path of development, bringing the country to overcome difficulties, gradually gaining success on the way to socialism. To date, the study of the universality and specificity of the new perception of socialism in the world has been a matter of theoretical and practical urgency, helping the socialist countries see clearly the common and specific laws that are being used under present conditions; Thoroughly grasp the lesson of combining universality and specificity in the perception and building of socialism; apply and develop Marxism-Leninism creatively to specific conditions of each country; strengthen the practical summary, supplementing, developing theory, improving perception of socialism in new conditions, etc. For Vietnam, the study of the universality and specificity of the new perceptions of socialism in the world today will help us stay consistent with Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideal, national independence and socialism, continuing to apply creative rules popularized in accordance with the peculiarity in building a new society. At the same time, it refers to the experiences of the socialist countries, the Communist parties of the world, supplement the development of theories of socialism; intensify the struggle against the manifestation of the socialist aim, "self-evolution", "self-transformation" within the Party; counteract wrong and hostile views, creating a social consensus towards the common goal of building Vietnam in terms of "Rich people, strong country, democracy, justice and civilization". For the above reasons, the author chooses: "The universality and specificity of the new perceptions on socialism in the world today" as a doctoral thesis. 2. Objective and mission of the thesis 2.1. Objective: Based on the study of the universality and specificity of the new perception on socialism in the world, the thesis draws attention to the cause of socialist development in the world and in Vietnam today. 3 2.2. Mission: To achieve the above objective, the thesis focuses on solving the following basic tasks: - Give an overview of the research situation related to the topic of the thesis, from which determine the research direction of the thesis; - Clarify general theories about the prevalence and specificity of perception of socialism; - Analyse the prevalence and specificity of new socialist perceptions of the reform and renewed world; - Draw meaning for the cause of socialist construction in the world and Vietnam today. 3. Target and scope of research 3.1. Target: The common problems of universality and specificity of the new perception of socialism in the world today. 3.2. Scope: Geographical: The thesis focuses on the universality and specificity of new perspectives on socialism in four countries: China, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba. Chronological: Since these countries have reformed until now. 4. Theoretical basis and methodology of the thesis 4.1. Theoretical basis The thesis is based on Marxist-Leninist theory, the views of communist parties, leaders in socialist countries. The thesis also refers to the research results of both domestic and abroad scientists related to the topic of the thesis. 4.2. Methodology The thesis is based on the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, combining specific methods such as logical- historical method, analysis, synthesis, and comparative methods. 5. New scientific contributions Firstly, the thesis contributes to the clarification of the general theoretical issues of the universality and specificity of socialist perception; 4 Secondly, the analysis clarifies the issues of universality and specificity of the new socialist ideology in the world of reform and innovation. Thirdly, the thesis shows the significance of studying the universality and specificity of the new socialist perception of the world for the cause of socialist construction in the world and in Vietnam today. 6. Scientific and practical significance of the research topic 6.1. Scientific significance The thesis contributes to clarify the issues of the universality and specificity of the new socialist world. From that point of view, it provides the rationale for the supplementation, development and perfection of socialist perception in socialist countries in the world and in Vietnam today. 6.2. Practical significance The thesis could serve as a reference for research and teaching on socialism and the path to socialism, socialist models in the world, etc. in the field of communalism, in societies sciences and other related subjects. 7. Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of published works of the author related to the thesis and reference list, the thesis consists of 4 chapters, 10 sections. 5 Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE AVAILABLE RESEARCH RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1. PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1.1. Studies by local authors on the universality and specificity of new perceptions on socialism 1.1.1.1. The work of local authors on the universality and specificity of new perceptions on socialism in the world The thesis analyzed 16 research works related to thesis topics such as Nguyen An Ninh, The socialist outlook in the first two decades of the 21st century, Nguyen Ngoc Long, Marxism - Leninism with the destiny and future of real socialism; Trinh Quoc Tuan, Socialism with Chinese characteristics - issues that can be consulted for reform in our country; Do Tien Sam, Socialism with Chinese characteristics - the process of formation and development; Truong Duy Hoa, Some issues and political- economic trends of the Lao People's Democratic Republic during the first two decades of the 21st century; Le Huu Nghia, Truong Thi Thong, Mach Quang Thang, Nguyen Van Giang, Building the ruling party in the process of developing a socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam and the commodity economy under the market mechanism Socialist orientation in Laos; Vu Trung My, Party Congress VII of the Communist Party of Cuba: continue to aim at building socialism prosperous and sustainable; Dinh Cong Tuan, Nordic Development Model; Pham Quy Long, Democratic People's Republic of Korea during the first decade of the 21st century; Ta Ngoc Tan, New debates of Russian scholars on socialism; Nguyen An Ninh, The model of "socialism of the 21st century" of Latin America today; Nguyen An Ninh, The universality and specificity of the models and the path to socialism today. 6 1.1.1.2. Researches by local authors on the universality and specificity of new perception on socialism in Vietnam The thesis analyzed 20 works, such as: Dao Duy Tung, The process of forming the road to socialism in Vietnam; Nguyen Van Oanh, The road to socialism in Vietnam; Nguyen Duy Quy, Theoretical Issues of Socialism and the Road to Socialism in Vietnam; Pham Dinh Viet, Party, Unity and diversity of socialism with the cause of socialist construction in Vietnam; Duong Phu Hiep, Advancing Socialism bypassing Capitalism in Vietnam; Nguyen Duc Binh, Socialism and the Road to Socialism in Vietnam; Nguyen Trong Phuc, Reform in Vietnam - practical and theoretical knowledge; Trinh Quoc Tuan, Some issues about the road to socialism in our country; Nguyen Thi Ngan, Communist Party's viewpoint on socialism and our perception of the road to socialism in Vietnam; Nguyen Quoc Pham, Do Thi Thach, New Perspectives on Socialism and Socialist Construction in Vietnam; Luu Ngoc Khai, Universality and specificity in modern socialist reform; Nguyen Huu Dong, Pham The Luc, Popularity and Characteristics of the Road to Socialism in Vietnam. 1.1.2. Works by foreign authors on the universality and specificity of socialist perception The thesis has studied 13 works, divided into 3 groups by country, which are: Firstly, the number of studies on the universality and specificity of socialist China's perception, such as Truong Loi Khac, Tu Lap Binh, History, status quo, communist future foul; Chu Thuong Van, Chu Cam Uy, Tran Tich Hy, What is socialism? How to build socialism; Tran Lap Tan, Tran Tuyet Cuong, Three major development of the theory of the first phase of socialism; Dong Lien Tuong, Chinese Social Reform and the Creation, Innovation in Building Party; Vuong Ngoc Giac, Strategic thinking "four comprehensive" - new development of socialist theories with Chinese characteristics, etc. Secondly, some researches on the universality and specificity of socialist ideology in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, such as: 7 Chuong Xom Bun Khan, The noble task and responsibility of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party; Sinlavong Khutphaithun, Key Elements to Ensure the Success of Economic Innovation; Chalon Diapaoh, Strengthening State Power in the Lao People's Democratic Republic; Bosengkham Vongdala, Some of the highlights of cultural and social renewal in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, etc. Thirdly, some of the studies on the prevalence and specificity of socialist cognitions in the Republic of Cuba, such as Admi Valhuerdi Cepero, The Communist Party of the Sixth Communist Party Congress and the updated Cuba economic model; Rosario Pentón Diaz, The Role of the Communist Party of Cuba in Updated Cuba Socialist Model - Historical Process; Maria De Jesús Calderius Fernández, Leadership and Inspection of the Party for the State and the Non-State Economic Sector; Salvador Valdés Mesa, Perfecting socialism, the only way to solidify independence, freedom, development, welfare, justice and social justice. 1.2. VALUES AND RESTRICTIONS OF PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE STUDY DIRECTION OF THE THESIS 1.2.1. The value of published research related to thesis topic Firstly, in terms of the universality of socialist perception, some of these studies point to the widespread perception of socialism as: politically, affirming the great leadership of communist parties taking Marxism- Leninism as a thought foundation, building a socialist rule-of-law state, building and perfecting socialist democratic politics; economically, steping up the development of the production force, the industrialization and modernization of the country, establishing public ownership of key production materials, implementing labor distribution in combination with other forms of distribution, developing a market economy under the control of the socialist state; regarding socio-culture, building a new culture to crystallize the national and human values and well implement the social policies. The advancement of social progress and equality, the widespread issues of new socialist ideology including both the creative application of the principles of sustainability of scientific socialism and the complementarity, developed to suit new conditions. 8 Secondly, on the specificity of the perception of socialism, there are a number of studies that have pointed out the specific perceptions of communist parties about the model, characteristics, the road to communism of each nation and ethnicity. In essence, this is the application, specifying the theory of Marxism - Leninism in the specific conditions of each country. At the same time, it reflects the creativity of the communist parties in exploring and developing their own development paths in accordance with the conditions and characteristics of each nation. Thirdly, some works have been compared and contrasted to clarify the differences in the perception of socialism before and after the reform or renewal, thus pointing out new points of perception of the communist party. Fourthly, at various levels, the works show the significance of the study of the univcersality, the specificity of the socialist perception of Vietnam in particular and the revolution of the spoken world in general. Fifthly, although many works, research papers published at a time when socialism in the world is in crisis, recession, the authors still have high consensus when analyzing the spectrum of transformation and uniqueness of socialist perception, the future of socialism. The results of this research have good reference value for the author in the process of the thesis. We would like to inherit, selectively choose these research results to serve the objectives of the thesis research. 1.2.2. Restrictions on approach angles of published works These studies are scientific works of high theoretical and practical value. However, in terms of accessibility, the works have some limitations: Firstly, the research on the universality and specificity of new socialist perceptions focuses on a specific area such as that of the market economy of the socialism, socialist rule-of-law state, etc. without the comprehensive study of new socialist perceptions in all fields: economics, politics, culture, society, etc. Secondly, there are a number of scientific studies that examine the universality and specificity of new socialist perceptions, but only within a 9 particular country; there has been no extensive research in socialist countries around the world, and there has been no analysis and comparison of the issues of commonality and uniqueness. Thus, although there are studies on socialism, the universality and specificity of socialism, models of socialism in the world, there has been no research on the universality and peculiarity of the new socialist perceptions of the world today. 1.2.3. Research direction of the thesis Firstly, the thesis focuses on studying and systematizing the viewpoints of Marxism-Leninism on the universality and specificity of socialist perceptions; analysing the universality and specificity of socialism in the pre-reform period. Secondly, the thesis analyzes and clarifies the universality and specificity of new socialist perceptions in China, Vietnam, Cuba and Laos during the reform and renovation period. Thirdly, the thesis draws attention to the cause of socialist construction in the world and Vietnam today. Chapter 2 GENERAL THEORY ON UNIVERSALITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE PERCEPTION OF SOCIALISM 2.1. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF THESIS 2.1.1. Definition of universality and specificity The thesis affirms that when in every thing, individual phenomena, common characteristics are found in most (or all) things, the phenomena considered are called the universality, when common characteristics are found only in one kind of thing or small groups of things, it is called a specificity phenomena. Universality and specificity have a close, inseparable relationship, defined and transformed, they are part of each other, exist in their own and 10 through their own, they reflect the objective unity of things and phenomena of the world, the existence, movement, and development of things, associated with specific historical conditions. 2.1.2. The concept of socialism The term socialism is perceived in the following basic sense: 1) Socialism is a practical movement, which is the movement of the working masses against the ruling class, against all oppression, exploitation, injustice, reclaiming rights, regaining quality, democratic rights so that the people are completely liberated. 2) Socialism as a dream, ideal, aspiration of the working people for a good society with no class, oppression, exploitation, poor backwardness, war, crime, or evil, human beings are liberated, have democratic rights. 3) Socialism carries the meaning of ideology, reasoning, doctrine of class liberation, social liberation, human liberation (with two periods of development: utopian socialism and science socialism). 4) Socialism carries meaning the real socialist regime, was established after the working class, under the leadership of the communist party, won the government. Socialist realism in the world was born after the victory of the Russian October Revolution in 1917 and became the world's system after 1945 and underwent many stages of development. In this thesis, the term "socialism" is used mainly in two senses: 1) socialism with the meaning of thought, reasoning, doctrine; 2) Socialism with the meaning of social reality. 2.1.3. The new perception of socialism The new perception of socialism is the perception of communist parties about the law, nature, characteristics and measures of socialist construction, which emerged during the reform period.