Luận văn High-Quality human resource development for women in vietnam at present time

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NGUYEN THI GIANG HUONG HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR WOMEN IN VIETNAM AT PRESENT TIME Major: The Dialectical Materialism &Historical Materialism Code : 62 22 80 05 THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN PHYLOSOPHY Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Nga HANOI - 2013 IDECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that the research paper titled “High-Quality Human Resource Development for Women in Vietnam at Present Time”is my own work and to the best of my knowledge. Data and materials used in the thesis are real with obvious origins; findings in this thesis are studied results of the writer. AUTHOR OF THE THESIS Nguyen Thi Giang Huong II TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE THESIS 6 1.1. The research works related to the thesis 6 1.2. The value of the referenced works and further study 22 Chapter 2: HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR WOMEN AT PRESENT IN VIETNAM – VIEWED FROM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS AND SUBJECTIVE ACTORS 25 2.1. Some basic concepts 25 2.2. The importance of high-quality human resource development for women in Vietnam today 45 2.3. The objective conditions and subjective factors affecting high-quality human resource development for women in Vietnam today 57 Chapter 3: HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR WOMEN AT PRESENT IN VIETNAM - CURRENT SITUATION AND EMERGING ISSUES 70 3.1. High-quality human resource development for women in Vietnam at the present- situation and causes 70 3.2. Some issues raised in the development of high quality human resource for women in Vietnam today 100 Chapter 4: KEY SOLUTIONS TO HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR WOMEN IN VIETNAM AT PRESENT TIME 114 4.1. Solutions related to the objective conditions for the development of high quality human resource for women 114 4.2. Solutions related to the subjective factor in the development of high-quality human resource for women 124 CONCLUSION 146 LIST OF AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS 149 LIST OF REFERENCES 150 APPENDIX 161 III LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BCH : Committee BTV : Standing Committee CĐ, ĐH và sau ĐH : Undergraduate and Graduate CNH, HĐH : Industrialization and Modernization HĐND : People’s Council NNLNCLC : High-Quality Female Human Resource NNLCLC : High-Quality Human Resource NNLN : Female Human Resource NNL : Human Resource QH : National Assembly TCCN và TC nghề : Vocational Training TW : Central level IV LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3. 1: Distribution of labor force by qualification in 2010 70 Table 3.2: Distribution of workforce by urban - rural level in 2010 72 Table 3.3: NNLN Distribution by region and by level in 2010 73 Table 3.4: Percentage distribution NLNCLC by qualification engaged in socio- economic activities 84 Table 3.5: Percentage NNLNCLC having academic titles in the 2007 – 2011 76 Table 3.6: Percentage of women in the Executive Board (EB) of the Party from 1991 to 2015 80 Table 3.7: Rate of female workforce positions in the Party Committees 81 Table 3 8: Rate of female workforce holding positions in Parliament 83 Table 3.9: Percentage of women in the People’s Council 1989 – 2016 84 Table 3.10: Percentage female human holding the titles of People's Councils 85 Table 3.11: Percentage of female labor leaders, management of the Central State 86 Table 3.12: Percentage of female workforce participation level People's Committees 89 Table 3.13: Some basic indicators related to maternity care, 2001 – 2009 96 Table 3.14: Number of hours worked by the average per person/per day ational level 97 Table 3.15: Average income/month NNLCLC 109 1INTRODUCTION 1. The urgency of the theme The development of human history has demonstrated the important role of women in producing materials, spirits, especially human reproduction. However, in most places of the world, compared with men, women still suffer disadvantages and their role and position in family and society has been undervalued. In recent years, on a global scale, many countries have achieved female human resource achievements in all aspects: On the social level, women participate more in social activities of society. In the family, women also have help from men to develop and find their identity. However, injuctice discrimination against women still exists to various extent around the world, expecially in the poor and backward countries, which affects the possibility of women to affirm the position, role and contribution of women in the sustainable development of the countries in the world. Based on Marxism - Leninism, the Communist Party of Vietnam has always appreciated the women’s role, position and status, regarding women as an important driving force of Vietnam's revolution. For more than 25 years of implementing the reform of the country, the Communist Party and State have adopted lines and policies to use and develop female human resource in the cause of building and defending the country. However, at the present time, high-quality human resource development for women still faces many difficulties: obsolete starting conditions of the country and Confucianism ideological influence of sex discrimination. That is the reason why special attention should be paid to high-quality human resource for women. To meet the opportunities and challenges, all national potentials, including female 2human resource and more importantly high-quality female human resources, must be properly exploited. Women, accounting for half the world’s population with abundant laborand rich creativity, are a great important resource to be exploited and developed to help accelerate socio-economic development. In recent decades, it should be noted that in many countries and different regions of the world, the number of women holding senior government positions, including top level and high-quality female human resource has increased remarkably. Sweden is a typical country, “Swedish women are all as absolutely equal as men, from education for inheritance rights. We have half of the participation of women leaders in parliament, the government and local authorities”[30, p..107]. Though, high-quality female human resource is still untapped and developed in accordance with its capabilities. It is proven that women are not inferior to men in terms of intellectual, ability and other qualities. Thus, the development of female human resource, especially NNLNCLC is one of the important issues today, because if not we will lose half the power of the country for socio-economic development. Furthermore, the liberation and development of intellectual potential of NNLNCLC is an urgent objective requirement of social development. As the social development has created the objective conditions for the exploitation and development of that potential at higher level. In order to exploit the maximum power of NNLNCLC, we have to combine an effective manner the impact of objective conditions and subjective factors in the process of NNLNCLC development. Therefore, NNLNCLC development in our countries should be considered as an important part of NNLCLC during the development of the country. 3As part of Vietnam’s women and human resource of our country, NNLNCLC work creatively with enthusiasm and their inherent ability to contribute to the construction and protection of the country and the struggle for women's liberation. At the same time, the earnest desire of NNLNCLC is that social and family give them the favorable objective conditions to improve their ability to contribute to development of a rich and strong Vietnam. For this purpose, the study of NNLNCLC development viewed from the interaction between the objective conditions and subjective factors seeks their contribution to socio- economic development in our country in recent years. Based on the results, finding feasible solutions to develop NNLNCLC to meet the requirements of the reform of the country's is an urgent significant theoretical and practical issue. Deriving from the above reasons, the postgraduate student chooses the topic “High-Quality Human Resource Development for Women in Vietnam at Present Time” for the doctoral thesis in philosophy. 2. Objectives and tasks of the thesis 2.1. The objective of the thesis On the basis of clarifying the need and the objective conditions and subjective factors influencing the development of NNLNCLC in Vietnam today, the thesis assesses the situation of NNLNCLC in Vietnam nowadays, from which it proposes a number of key measures to develop NNLNCLC to meet the requirements of the renovation in Vietnam. 2.2. The tasks of the thesis First, an overview of research issues related to the thesis. On that basis, the positive value of previous research has been inherited and further issues should be studied. 4Second, systematize and interpret the basic concepts related to the topic, analyse the importance and the objective conditions and subjective factors affecting the development NNLNCLC in Vietnam today. Third, analyze the situation and causes and various issues in the development of NNLNCLC in Vietnam today. Fourth, propose some key solutions to develop NNLNCLC in Vietnam today. 3. The Object and scope of research 3.1. Subjects of research: Philosophically, the thesis approaches the relationship between objective conditions and subjective factors of development of Vietnam NNLNCLC in the current period. 3.2. Scope of Research Research on NNLNCLC (academic and labor age) involved in the process of socio-economic development since the renovation of the country. Research on NNLNCLC situation and the emerging isssues of development NNLNCLC in Vietnam through statistics on NNLNCLC participation in leadership and management in the political and science, and technology systems with the assumption that the other areas have similar developing conditions. 4. Rationale and Research Methods 4.1. Rationale: research thesis is based on the perspective of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Ideology, the Communist Party's views on Vietnam human, human resource, high quality human resource, women's roles, women's liberation and the previous studies of working women. 4.2. Research Methodology: 5The thesis uses points of dialectical materialism and historical materialism ideology of Marxist-Leninist philosophy- as a basic methodology for interpretation and analysis. The thesis uses the history and logic, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and generalization, comparison, statistical data processing methods. The thesis is also in conjunction with the interdisciplinary approach of the sociology of gender and science. 5. Scientific contributions of the thesis The thesis clarifies NNLNCLC, NNLNCLC development and the importance of developing NNLNCLC in Vietnam today. The thesis contributes further analyses some basic contradictions of gender perspective in the development of Vietnam NNLNCLC today. On that basis, the thesis offers a number of solutions related to objective conditions and subjective factors primarily aimed at NNLNCLC development in Vietnam today. Initially, the thesis has new approaches to gender issues in strategic NNLNCLC in particular and NNLCLC of Vietnam in general. 6. The theoretical and practical meaning of the thesis - The thesis contributes to the study of the theoretical and practical NNLNCLC, adding scientific basis referenced in making strategy and policies related to NNLNCLC development in Vietnam today. - The thesis may make reference application in research, teaching and learning about NNLNCLC, gender and development in universities and colleges in Vietnam today. 7. Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion and a list of references, the thesis is structured into four (04) chapters, nine (09) sections. 6Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1. THE RESEARCH PROJECTS RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1.1. The research projects related to human resources, human resource development Dr.Tran Van Tung, Le Ai Lam (Institute of World Economy) (1996), Human Resource Development-World Experience and Practice in Our Country, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. The book has an overview of the role of human resources in the innovation economy and experience in human resource development of education in a number of countries around the world. Applying the precious experience in the development of human resources in our country will contribute to NNLCLC, boosting socio-economic development. Scientific State-level Program- KX-07, KX-project 07-18, Dr. Nguyen Trong Bao eds (1996), Family, school, society with the discovery, selection, training, retraining, and use of financial incentives, Education Publishing House, Hanoi. The book helps us understand the "fostering talents" which was recorded in the Party platform, written in our State Constitution. In particular, the authors focus on the role of family, school and society in the discovery, selection, training, retraining, and preferential use of the property, which has offer some solutions to develop this resource. Prof. Dr. Pham Tat Dong (Chairman of Social Science Project - 0309) (1999), Industrialization and Modernization with intellectual elite- The policy orientation. The project has clarified the issues for the Vietnam intelligentsia, as a basic important human resource; the position and role of the Vietnam intelligentsia in the industrialization and modernization of the country, the intelligentsia situation and policies of the Party for the intelligentsia, which 7have developed a strategic partnership with Vietnam intelligentsia to deserve as the backbone, the essence of the human resources. Dr. Do Minh Cuong, Dr. Nguyen Thi Doan (2001), Human Resource Development of higher education in Vietnam, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. The book mentions some contents about higher education, and proposes feasible solutions for human resources development of higher education, highly qualified human resources in our country, for the industrialization and modernization process. Dr. Nguyen Huu Dung (2003), Effective use of human resources in Vietnam, Social- Labor Publishing House, Hanoi. The book presents a system of theoretical issues and practices related to the development, distribution and use of human resources in the development of a socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam; evaluation of 15 years of human resource innovation; introduction of experience of U.S, Japan and China on this issue, and then the solution proposed for the development, proper distribution and effective use of human resource in the economic development in our country by 2010. Pham Thanh Nghi, Vu Hoang Ngan (eds) (2004), Human Resource Management in Vietnam-Some theoretical and practical issues, Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi. The book is a collection of research papers, articles, presentations at the State-level Science and Technology Program Project KX.05.11 workshop (2001 - 2005), with the theories, experiences, and recommendations on human resources management in Vietnam. The work has important implications for our State to efficiently manage Vietnam Human Resource, contributing to promote modernization and implementation of socialist-oriented reform. Dr. Doan Van Khai (2005), Human Capital in the process of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam, Publishers Political Theory, 8Hanoi. The author has clarified a number of issues related to industrialization and modernization, such as: outline of the industrialization in the world, content, nature, essential properties and characteristics of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam at present. The author clarifies human resource as a decisive factor of the industrialization and modernization; the actual human resource situation in Vietnam and the issues to meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization. On this basis, the author has taken the direction, viewpoints and basic solutions: group of solutions of rational and efficient use of human resources; group of solutions of social favorable environment to use and develop human resources effectively to meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam. Pham Thanh Nghi (Editor) (2006), Improving the efficiency of human resource management in the industrialization and modernization of the country, Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi. The authors have presented: the systemization of basic theoretical issues, new perspectives and modern human resource management issues such as human capital and human capital development, human resources management models, the factors affecting human resource management and macroeconomic policies affecting human resource management. The authors also present the management experience of human resources in developed countries like the U.S. Sweden, East Asia and countries with economies in transition.These highly reliable systematic materials gathered from the authorities as well as rich practical survey data, are valuable materials to assess the situation and development in the human resource management in our country. In particular, the authors have analyzed the differences in the human resource management in a number of areas: public administration, public service delivery units and business through the results of sociological investigation. These are very interesting 9data, reflecting the differences in recruitment, use, evaluation and human resource development in various areas of the economy. The authors have proposed the application of the appropriate human resource management model to replace outdated models. At the same time, the book also offers the views and solutions to improve the efficiency of human resource management in three areas: state administration, public service delivery units, and business. The proposals are comprehensive, uniform, science - based and feasible. Ministry of Planning and Investment (July 2011), General report on Vietnam workforce development plan (2011-2020). The Report, a valuable scientific work of scientists, has focused on the following important issues: Current situation of HRD with the fundamental achievements, the main limitations and its causes; Vietnam HRD Orientation by 2020 and the raised issues; The main measures implemented workforce development planning in Vietnam during 2011 - 2020; organization of Vietnam workforce development plan 2011-2020. 1.1.2. The research works related to high-quality female human resource Dr. Bui Thi Ngoc Lan (2002), The intellectual resources of the innovation in Vietnam, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. The author has pointed out the important role of intellectual resources for the development of the society and also clarified the characteristics and situation and development trends of intellectual resources in Vietnam, thus affirming the need to care for the development and promotion of intellectual resources in the reform in Vietnam. On that basis, the author has proposed the basic ideas and the main measures such as raising awareness of the society about the need to develop intellectual resources for the reform; education and 10 training reform to provide foundation to develop the intellectual resources; building sound cultural and social environment, promoting sustainable intellectual resources of Vietnam. These are feasible solutions to HRD in the country's human resources. The work has important implications for theoretical development and promotion of intellectual resources, the most important parts of NNLCLC, contributing to the rapid development of these resources to me