Research on the fish fauna of the Bang giang – Ky cung river basin in Vietnam

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NGUYEN VAN GIANG RESEARCH ON THE FISH FAUNA OF THE BANG GIANG – KY CUNG RIVER BASIN IN VIETNAM SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL DOCTRINE THESIS HA NOI – 2018 The work was completed at: Graduate University Science and Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Supervisors 1: Assoc.Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Duc Supervisors 2: Dr. Nguyen Kim Son Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis will be protected before the examination of PhD thesis at the Academy, meeting at the Graduate University Science and Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology at ... hour .... ', Date ... month ... 2018 The thesis can be found at: - Library of the Graduate University Science and Technology - National Library of Vietnam 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The urgency of the thesis Annually, the river basin of Ky Cung - Bang Giang provide important fisheries to the people of Lang Son and Cao Bang, provides the main source of protein from fish in the daily meals in each family. Though, So far no work has systematically studied the fish fauna here. Besides that, the conservation of rare genetic resources and biodiversity in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung River is a common concern of all levels and sectors. However, in recent decades the Bang Giang - Ky Cung River has been subjected to the strong influence of socio-economic activities: mineral exploitation, domestic waste, industrial activities, increased use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides polluting water resources, affecting the lives of fish and aquatic species. Many species of economic value, rare species are rapidly reduced in the number of strains, reducing biodiversity. Therefore, research into biodiversity resources of fish species, assess the status of exploitation and adverse activities on fish resources, contributing to the development of scientific basis for proposing solutions to protect, use rational and sustainable development of fish resources of the system. The Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system is urgent. On that basis, contributing to the education and construction of animals in the country. Provide updated data, the latest species composition, distribution characteristics, the status of resources, species need conservation, so that local authorities refer to the development of biodiversity protection plan. In general, fish in particular contribute to the overall development of the locality. Stemming from the above reasons, I chose the project “Research on the fish fauna of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin in Vietnam” 2. Objectives of the research Identification of species composition, ichthyofaunistic diversity of Bang Giang – Ky Cung river basin. Cataloguing of fish species according to types of populated aquatic ecosystems and habitats, distribution characteristics, determining the geographic distribution of Bang Giang - Ky Cung fishery. Investigation and assessment of the status of resources and fisheries in the study area. Proposing some measures to protect and exploit rational fish resources in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system, thus building the scientific basis for the sustainable use and development of fish resources. 3. Main research contents of the thesis Study on biodiversity composition of fish species in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system. Analysis of geographic distribution, distribution by aquatic ecology of fish species in the study area. Characteristics, properties zoogeography of the Cao Bang and Lang Son fish fauna for the freshwater fish fauna of Vietnam. 2 Assessment of the status of resources, demand for use, situation of exploitation of people in the study area, serving for the management, protect fish resources, measures for conservation of fish resources and development of fisheries resources in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system. CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 1.1. Freshwater fish study 1.1.1. History study of freshwater fish fauna of Vietnam 1.1.2. Brief history of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river fish fauna The first research in Cao Bang - Lang Son fishery was Vailant E., (1891, 1904), collected and classified 6 species and described 4 new species in Lai Chau, recorded 5 fish species in Lang Son. Chevey P. (1930, 1932, 1936, 1937) studied the composition of freshwater fish species in northern Vietnam including the fish fauna. In 1978, in his book "The freshwater fishes of North Vietnam" Mai Dinh Yen recorded fish fauna Cao Bang - Lang Son has 56 species belonging to 13 families 47 genara 5 orders. Works "Freshwater fish of Vietnam" volume 1 of Nguyen Van Hao and Ngo Si Van (2001) and "Freshwater fish of Vietnam", Volume 2, Volume 3 of Nguyen Van Hao (2005), recorded 101 fish species belonging to 69 genera in Cao Bang - Lang Son belong to 18 families and 5 orders. In 2005, Nguyen Kiem Son conducted a survey on "fish fauna in Cao Bang province. The result found 54 fish species belonging to 42 genera, 15 families and 5 orders. In 2005, Ngo Sy Van, Pham Anh Tuan announced the fish fauna of two provinces Cao Bang - Lang Son has quite diverse species composition of 107 species of 74 varieties 22 families and 7 orders. In China, there are studies on the composition of fish species: fish fauna of the China Guangdong and Guangxi fish. The total number of species recorded in Guangxi province is 290 species of fish, of which Tay Giang river borders Vietnam receiving water from Bang Giang river - Ky Cung has recorded 125 species. In recent years, the Guangxi fish fauna has recorded new species of fish: Acrossocheilus malacopterus, Rectoris longibarbus and has recorded with distribution in Vietnam. Thien Quang Huynh and I-Shiung Chen (2013), announced Opsariichthys duchuunguyeni from the Bang Giang - Ky Cung River in Cao Bang - Lang Son province, northeastern Vietnam. Nguyen Van Hao, Vu Thi Hong Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong (2015), describe three new fish species belonging to Silurus Linnaeus, 1758, (Siluridae, Siluriformes) found in northern provinces of Vietnam: Silurus caobangensis and Silurus langsonensis. As a result, there are 7 researches on the fish fauna of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin. The results show that there are 172 species belonging to 93 genera, 23 families and 7 orders. 3 1.2. Overview of the natural and social characteristics of the study area 1.2.1. Natural features of the study area 1.2.1.1. Geographical location The Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system is located northeast of Vietnam in Cao Bang and Lang Son provinces. The area is 11,220 km 2 . 1.2.1.2. Morphological characteristics and topography The Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system is located in the lower part of the surrounding area, commonly known as the Cao - Lang low trough. Surrounding the northwest, west and southwest are the highest mountain ranges in the Northeast, with the highest peak being Pia Oac (1930 m). The Southeast is lowland with the highest peak is Mau Son peaks 1541 m, Ba Xa 1166 m. In the North Pole, the highest peaks are from 900 to over 1000 m. In terms of river basin morphology, the Bang River has higher elevation and basin slope than the Ky Cung River. The main river is also straight than the Ky Cung River, the average width of the basin is smaller than the Ky Cung River. However, the characteristics of the low trough is clearly shown 1.2.1.3. Climate characteristics The location of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin is relatively hidden for the summer monsoon and directly welcomes the cold winter winds so it is dry and less rain, and the rainfall increases gradually from the Southeast to the Northwest. Also due to the location of hidden basins, deep in the continent that the rainfall caused by the storm is low; Lang Son is 246mm / year and Cao Bang is 140mm / year. Due to the strong influence of the winter wind and the obscurity of the sea, the rainfall is reduced in the region, the shortest rainy season in the North. 1.2.1.4. Hydrological regime Bang Giang river basin: The average density of rivers and streams in Cao Bang province is 0.5 - 1.0 km / km 2 . Flood season from June to September every year, peak flood in August, water volume in the flood season accounted for 70-80%. In contrast, the dry season lasts eight months, the water in the season accounts for 20 - 30%. Ky Cung river basin: The density of rivers and streams in Lang Son province is relatively high, the average density of rivers and streams is between 0.6 - 1.2 km / km2 compared to the average density of the whole country ( 0.6 km / km 2 ). Divided into two seasons: The flood season is concentrated in June to September each year, the water volume this season accounts for 66 - 80% of the total water volume in the year. Dry season lasts for eight months, but water volume accounts for 20 - 34% of the annual flow. 1.2.2. Socio-economic characteristics Cao Bang: Natural land area of 6,700,26km 2 . The population in Cao Bang is 522.4 thousand people, with a population density of 79.08 people / km 2 , Cao Bang's economy is still underdeveloped. There are 28 ethnic groups in the province, 42.54% of which are Tay majority; Nung ethnic group accounts for 32.86%; Dao ethnic 4 group accounts for 9.63%; H'mong ethnic group accounted for 8.45%; Kinh majority accounts for 4.68%; The population of San Chay is 1.23%; Lo Lo group accounts for 0.39%; Hoa ethnic group accounts for 0.033%; Ngai ethnic group accounted for 0.013%; other ethnic groups account for 0.18%. The economic structure is mainly agricultural, while the area of cultivated land is limited, most of the crops are food and production is monoculture. Lang Son: is a poor province with a land area of 8.310.09 km 2 . In 2016, there are 767.7 thousand inhabitants in Lang Son. The population density is 92.5 persons / km 2 . East (84.74% of the total population of the province). It is a place of coexistence of many ethnic groups, of which the Nung is 43.9%, the Tay 35.3%, the Kinh 15.3%, the majority in the towns and towns; Dao, 3.5%, Hoa, San Chay, Mong and other ethnic groups make up 1.4%. CHAPTER 2. LOCATION, TIME, MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 2.1. Location and time The study was conducted in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin. Field study period from March 2012 to December 2016. In the 17 districts of 40 communes, the total number of field days is 188 days. Analysis of specimens was conducted at Research Institute for Aquaculture No1, Bac Ninh; Laboratory, Museum of Nature Vietnam. Specimens are kept at the Vietnam Museum of Nature. 2.2. Materials Research All of the specimens we collected were analyzed and classified during the implementation period of 1270 samples. Field Diary: Record of interview data for interviews with local people. Scientific documents: Use all the materials listed in the reference list, scientific works by domestic and foreign authors have been published related to the topic. 2.3. Research Methods 2.3.1. Field research methods. Selection methods of the study: Sampling points were covering the entire basin study, from small streams to major rivers, tributaries, ponds, lakes and fields. Sampling points represent each area, basin, typical for each water area and habitat of fishes: mountainous and delta areas with strong and fast flowing water; slow flowing water, static water, covered vegetation, open air, limestone mountains, mountainous areas. Collect fish sample: At each site, we investigated the number of species that could be encountered. Sample processing: Temporarily imaged for imaging, then transferred to a formalin format with a concentration of 8-10%, accompanied by a generic name card, local name, time and place of sample collection. , the name of the collector. Interview: Investigated, people involved in regular and irregular fishing in the study area. Observation, landscape photography, recording of phenomena, events related to research content during the field. 5 Ecological methods of fish distribution in studied areas: According to Dang Ngoc Thanh (2007) 2.3.2. Methods of research in the laboratory Fish classification method: Morphological characteristics analysis according to Pravdin I.F (1961). Methods of classifying according to the principles of the Mayr animal classification. E (1969) and Nguyen Ngoc Chau's classification and nomenclature (2007). About taxonomy, we follow Eschmeyer. W. N. (1998); Identify the species name Froese R. & Pauly D. follow (www.fishbase.org, version 06/2017). Main documents used in the classification: Mai Dinh Yen (1978, 1979, 1992); Nguyen Van Hao (2001, 2005); Kottelat (2001a, 2001b); Rainboth (1996); Chen Yong Gui and Lu Zhao Fa (2005); Yue P. Q. (2000); Zhang Chun Guang (2005). The method to determine the proximity of fish fauna Using the formula of Sorencen (1948), S = 2C/(A + B) Data processing methods: Use Excel, and Access Pass 3.0 Method of determining the geographical factors animals: According to Mai Dinh Yen (1973) and Nguyen Huu Duc (1995) CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Species composition and structure of fish fauna Bang Giang – Ky Cung river basin 3.1.1. List of fish species in Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin Through analysis and identification of 1270 fish samples collected during field surveys in the study area, during the period from 2012 to 2017, identified 124 species of fish, 71genara, 18 families and 5 orders. Synthesize the list of species of previous authors in the study area, look up and compare, correct each name, the name of the taxon species Froese and D. Pauly (www.fishbase.org, version 06 / 2017), classified classification system according to Eschmeyer WN (1998). The results were identified in the study area of 202 species of 99 genera, 24 families and 8 orders (Table 3. 1). 6 Table 3. 1. Composition of fish species in Bang Giang – Ky Cung river basin (Sort by system Eschmeyer, 1998) N 0 Scientific name N 0 of samples Number of species known Species recorded Species conservation V ietn a m N o rth S tu d y a rea R ed b o o k V N M in istry o f A g ricu ltu re IU C N I Cypriniformes (1) Cyprinidae 1 Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873 35 + + + + + LC 2 Opsariichthys duchuunguyeni Huynh & Chen, 2014 Ꚛ 30 + NE 3 Opsariichthys sp. 20 + + NE 4 Opsarius pulchellus (Smith, 1931) - + LC 5 Nicholsicypris normalis (Nichols & Pope, 1927) 12 + + NE 6 Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) - + NE 7 Rasbora steineri (Nichols & Pope, 1927) - + + + + LC 8 Rasbora aurotaenia Tirant, 1885 - + LC 9 Rasbora trilineata Steindachner, 1866 - + LC 10 Pseudorasbora sp. 5 + + NE 11 Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) 1 + + DD 12 Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) * ⸫ 1 + + + NE 13 Ochetobius elongatus (Kner, 1867) - + LC 14 Luciobrama macrocephalus (Lacepede, 1803) - + + DD 15 Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846) 5 + + + + DD 16 Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1844) - + + + VU VU DD 17 Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864 - + + LC 18 Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) * 30 + + + + + LC 19 Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin, 1932 17 + + + LC 1 2 3 4 5 7 20 Pseudohemiculter dispar (Peters, 1881) 14 + + + + VU 21 Pseudohemiculter pacboensis Nguyen, 2001 Ꚛ 8 + + NE 22 Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900) 12 + + LC 23 Hainania serrata Koller, 1927 18 + + + DD 24 Megalobrama mantschuricus (Basilewsky, 1855) - + NE 25 Sinibrama macrops Gunther, 1868 - + + LC 26 Sinibrama affinis (Vaillant, 1892) Θ 7 + + LC 27 Sinibrama melrosei (Nichols & Pope, 1927) - + DD 28 Ancherythroculter lini Luo, 1994 6 + + NE 29 Ancherythroculter daovantieni Banarescu, 1967 Θ - + DD 30 Culter recurvirostris Sauvage, 1884 - + + + DD 31 Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855) - + LC 32 Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855) - + + LC 33 Rasborinus lineatus (Pellegrin, 1907) - + + + LC 34 Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, 1871 15 + + NE 35 Xenocypris microlepis Bleeker, 1871 - + LC 36 Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Sauvage, 1884 1 + + DD 37 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix(Valenciennes, 1844) * ⸫ 1 + + + NT 38 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) * ⸫ 1 + + + + DD 39 Hemibarbus macracanthus Lu, Luo & Chen, 1977 * - + + DD 40 Hemibarbus medius Yue, 1995 * 30 + + + + NE 41 Hemibarbus umbrifer (Lin, 1931) 35 + + + LC 42 Sarcocheilichthys parvus Nichols, 1930 - + LC 43 Sarcocheilichthys kiangsiensis Nichols, 1930 7 + + NE 44 Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis (Günther, 1873) 5 + + + + NE 45 Sarcocheilichthys caobangensis Ngu. & Ngo, 2001 Ꚛ 4 + + NE 46 Squalidus atromaculatus (Nichols & Pope, 1927) * 15 + + + + LC 47 Squalidus chankaensis Dybowski, 1872 30 + + NE 8 48 Squalidus argentatus (Sau. & Dab., 1874) * 23 + + DD 49 Abbottina binhi Nguyen, 2001 Θ 5 + + DD 50 Abbottina sp. 4 + + DD 51 Microphysogobio labeoides (Nichols & Pope, 1927) * 8 + + + DD 52 Microphysogobio kachekensis (Oshima, 1926) 12 + + + + + LC 53 Microphysogobio vietnamica Mai, 1978 Θ - + + DD 54 Microphysogobio yunnanensis (Yao -Yang, 1977) - + + DD 55 Pseudogobio guilinensis Yao & Yang, 1977 - + DD 56 Pseudogobio banggiangensis Nguyen, 2001 Ꚛ 15 + + NE 57 Saurogobio immaculatus Koller, 1927 - + + DD 58 Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker, 1871 20 + + NE 59 Gobiobotia kolleri Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966 5 + + + + DD 60 Gobiobotia meridionalis Chen & Cao, 1977 8 + + DD 61 Acheilognathus imfasciodorsalis Nguyen, 2001 Θ - + NE 62 Acheilognathus fasciodorsalis Nguyen, 2001 Θ 4 + + NE 63 Acheilognathus tonkinensis (Vaillant, 1892) 15 + + + + + DD 64 Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker) - + DD 65 Acheilognathus lamensis Nguyen, 1983 Θ - + DD 66 Acheilognathus meridianus Wu, 1939 - + DD 67 Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1867) - + + + DD 68 Rhodeus spinalis Oshima, 1926 17 + + + LC 69 Rhodeus elongatus (Mai, 1978) Θ - + + DD 70 Parator zonatus (Lin, 1935) - + + NE 71 Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881) 5 + + VU VU DD 72 Paraspinibarbus macracanthus(Pel. & Chev., 1936) - + DD 73 Spinibarbus babeensisNguyen, 2001 Θ 2 + + DD 74 Spinibarbus caldwelli (Nichols, 1925) 2 + + VU DD 75 Spinibarbus hollandi Oshima, 1919 10 + + + + + DD 9 76 Spinibarbus denticulatus (Oshima, 1926) * 20 + + + + + LC 77 Spinibarbus sp. 5 + + DD 78 Barbodes semifasciolatus (Günther, 1868) 5 + + + + + LC 79 Neolissocheilus benasi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936) - + DD 80 Acrossocheilus iridescens (Nichols & Pope, 1927) * 30 + + + + + DD 81 Acrossocheilus krempfi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936) - + + + + DD 82 Acrossocheilus elongatus (Pel. & Chev., 1934) - + + DD 83 Acrossocheilus macroquadatus (Mai, 1978) Θ - + DD 84 Acrossocheilus malacopterus Zhang, 2005 35 + + + + DD 85 Acrossocheilus clivosius (Lin, 1935) 10 + + DD 86 Acrossocheilus sp. 7 + + DD 87 Onychostoma ovale Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936 5 + + DD 88 Onychostoma gerlachi (Peters, 1881) * 14 + + + NT 89 Onychostoma simum (Sau. & Dab., 1874) - + + DD 90 Onychostoma laticeps Günther, 1896 * 15 + + VU NE 91 Onychostoma leptura (Boulenger, 1900) * 5 + + DD 92 Luciocyprinus langsoni Vaillant, 1904 - + + CR VU 93 Rectoris posehensis Lin, 1935 5 + + + NE 94 Rectoris mutabilis (Lin, 1933) 3 + + + + NE 95 Rectoris longibarbus Zhu, Zhang & Lan, 2012 5 + + + + NE 96 Ptychidio jordani Myers, 1930 2 + + + + CR 97 Ptychidio sp. 2 + + DD 98 Vietnamia remtua Nguyen, Ngo & Nguyen, 2016 Ꚛ 7 + + + + DD 99 Vietnamia sp. 2 + + DD 100 Semilabeo notabilis Peters, 1881 * 23 + + VU VU DD 101 Semila