Luận án Mối liên hệ giữa phát triển bền vững xã hội và hiệu quả hoạt động trong chuỗi cung ứng, vai trò trung gian của liên kết trong chuỗi cung ứng trường hợp nghiên cứu tại Việt Nam

i MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY DUONG NGOC HONG THE IMPACTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE, MEDIATING ROLE OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION THE CASE OF VIETNAM Major : Business Administration Code : 9340101 DISSERTATION Academic Advisors: 1. Professor. Nguyen Dong Phong 2. Associate Professor. Bui Thanh Trang Ho Chi Minh City – 2022 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... ii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 3 1.1 Problem statement ............................................................................................. 3 1.1.1 Research background ................................................................................. 3 1.1.2 Overview of social sustainability in Vietnam ............................................ 5 1.2 Research gap ..................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Research objectives ......................................................................................... 10 1.4 Research questions .......................................................................................... 10 1.5 Research methodology and data collection..................................................... 11 1.6 Research contribution ..................................................................................... 12 1.6.1 Theoretical contributions ......................................................................... 12 1.6.2 Practical implications ............................................................................... 13 1.7 Research limitation ......................................................................................... 14 1.8 Research structure ........................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT .. 16 2.1 Current status of sustainable development in Vietnam .................................. 16 2.1.1 Vietnam’s 17 sustainable development goals .......................................... 16 2.1.2 The importance of sustainable development ............................................ 20 2.1.3 Supply chain sustainable development in Vietnam ................................. 21 2.2 A systematic review of recent literatures in the social sustainability domain 23 2.2.1 The systematic review process ................................................................. 23 2.2.2 A classification framework for analysis ................................................... 25 iii 2.2.3 Keyword analysis (co-occurrence) ........................................................... 31 2.3 Key concepts ................................................................................................... 37 2.3.1 Supply chain social sustainability ............................................................ 37 2.3.1.1 Sustainability ............................................................................................ 37 2.3.1.2 Social sustainability practices .................................................................. 38 2.3.2 Supply chain integration .......................................................................... 42 2.3.2.1 Internal integration ................................................................................... 42 2.3.2.2 Customer integration ................................................................................ 43 2.3.2.3 Supplier integration .................................................................................. 44 2.3.3 Supply chain risk management ................................................................ 45 2.3.4 Sustainable supply chain management..................................................... 47 2.3.4.1 Supply chain ............................................................................................. 47 2.3.4.2 Supply chain management ....................................................................... 48 2.3.4.3 Sustainable supply chain management..................................................... 49 2.3.5 Supply chain performance ........................................................................ 54 2.3.5.1 Supplier performance ............................................................................... 55 2.3.5.2 Customer performance ............................................................................. 55 2.4 Theoretical backgrounds ................................................................................. 56 2.4.1 Stakeholder theory view ........................................................................... 56 2.4.2 Dynamic capabilities view ....................................................................... 57 2.4.3 Stakeholder resource-based view ............................................................. 58 2.5 Hypotheses development ................................................................................ 60 2.6 Proposed research model ................................................................................ 68 CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................................... 69 3.1 Research process ............................................................................................. 69 iv 3.2 Pilot study ....................................................................................................... 71 3.2.1 Design questionnaire ................................................................................ 71 3.2.2 Cronbach’s Alpha testing ......................................................................... 73 3.3 Ethics in primary research .............................................................................. 83 3.3.1 The core principles of research ethics ...................................................... 83 3.3.2 The practices of research ethics ............................................................... 84 3.3.2.1 Research design ........................................................................................ 84 3.3.2.2 Research method ...................................................................................... 84 3.3.2.3 Incentives ................................................................................................. 85 3.3.2.4 Data collection.......................................................................................... 85 3.4 The main study ................................................................................................ 85 3.4.1 Sampling method...................................................................................... 85 3.4.2 Sample size ............................................................................................... 86 3.4.3 Participants and data collection ................................................................ 87 3.4.4 The quality of the research model ............................................................ 89 3.4.5 PLS-SEM ................................................................................................. 90 CHAPTER 4. DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS, AND DISCUSSIONS .................... 100 4.1 Sample characteristics ................................................................................... 100 4.2 Descriptive statistics ..................................................................................... 102 4.3 Reliability and discriminant validity ............................................................. 104 4.3.1 First-order constructs ............................................................................. 105 4.3.2 Second-order constructs ......................................................................... 106 4.4 Common method bias ................................................................................... 113 4.5 Hypothesized model testing .......................................................................... 114 4.5.1 The repeated indicators approach ........................................................... 115 v 4.5.2 The two-stage approach ......................................................................... 118 4.6 The results of PLS-SEM ............................................................................... 120 4.6.1 Quality testing ........................................................................................ 120 4.6.2 The direct effects .................................................................................... 124 4.6.3 The mediation effects ............................................................................. 125 4.6.4 Control variables .................................................................................... 127 4.6.5 Multi-group analysis .............................................................................. 128 4.7 Summary results of hypotheses testing ......................................................... 134 4.8 Discussions.................................................................................................... 139 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS ............................................ 147 5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 147 5.2 Theoretical contributions .............................................................................. 148 5.3 Practical implications .................................................................................... 151 5.3.1 Implications for managers ...................................................................... 151 5.3.2 Implications for policy-makers .............................................................. 152 5.4 Limitations and future research .................................................................... 154 PUBLICATION .......................................................................................................... 155 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 156 Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................. 183 Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................. 187 Appendix 3 ................................................................................................................. 189 Appendix 4 ................................................................................................................. 196 Appendix 5 ................................................................................................................. 200 Appendix 6 ................................................................................................................. 201 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Notation Full Definition AVE Average Variance Extracted CB-SEM Covariance-Based SEM CICT Corrected Item Correlation CMB Common Method Bias CR Composite Reliability CUPF Customer Performance DCB Dynamic Capabilities View EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis EQUI Equity ETHI Ethics HEWE Health & Welfare HTMT Heterotrait-Monotrait HURI Human Rights ICU Customer Integration INTE Internal Integration ISP Supplier Integration MGA Multi Group Analysis NGOs Non-Government Organizations PLS-SEM Partial Least Squares SEM RBV Resource Based View SAFE Safety SCP Supply Chain Performance SCSS Supply Chain Social Sustainability SCI Supply Chain Integration SCM Supply Chain Management SME Small Medium Enterprise SRBV Stakeholder Resource Based View SSCM Sustainable Supply Chain Management vii Notation Full Definition STV Stakeholder Theory View SUPF Supplier Performance TBL Triple Bottom Line VIF Variance Inflation Factor VRIN Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Non-Substitutable WOS Web of Science viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - 17 sustainable development goals in Vietnam. ........................................... 17 Figure 2 - Articles selection process. ........................................................................... 24 Figure 3 - SSCS articles based on the year of publication. ......................................... 26 Figure 4 - Classification according to publishers. ....................................................... 26 Figure 5 - Distribution of articles based on journals. .................................................. 27 Figure 6 - Classification according to survey country. ................................................ 28 Figure 7 - Classification according to research areas. ................................................. 29 Figure 8 - Classification according to authors. ............................................................ 30 Figure 9 - The keywords co-occurrence network (from 2009 – 2015). ...................... 31 Figure 10 - The keywords co-occurrence network (from 2016 – 2021). .................... 32 Figure 11 - Sustainable Supply Chain Management. .................................................. 51 Figure 12 - The model of Mani et al., 2020 ................................................................. 60 Figure 13 - Proposed research model. ......................................................................... 68 Figure 14 - Research process. ...................................................................................... 70 Figure 15 - The repeated indicators approach ........................................................... 117 Figure 16 - The two-stage approach .......................................................................... 119 Figure 17 - PLS-SEM Results ................................................................................... 138 ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - Existing literature reviews in SCSS domain ................................................ 33 Table 2 - Definitions of Sustainable Supply Chain Management. .............................. 49 Table 3 - Existing Literature Reviews relevant to Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Integration, and Supply Chain Performance................... 52 Table 4 - Summarization of proposed hypotheses. ...................................................... 67 Table 5 - Pilot test ........................................................................................................ 73 Table 6 - Factor analysis, Reliability test .................................................................... 79 Table 7 - Final questionnaire. ...................................................................................... 91 Table 8 - PLS-SEM vs CB-SEM ................................................................................. 98 Table 9 - Sample characteristics ................................................................................ 100 Table 10 - Descriptive statistics ................................................................................. 103 Table 11 - Outer loadings (1st order) ......................................................................... 105 Table 12 - Outer loadings (1st order) continued ......................................................... 106 Table 13 - Outer loadings (2nd order) ......................................................................... 106 Table 14 - Construct Reliability and Validity ............................................................ 108 Table 15 - Correlations between Research Constructs (Fornell-Larcker Criterion) . 109 Table 16 - Correlations between Research Constructs (Fornell-Larcker Criterion – continued) ................................................................................................................... 110 Table 17 - Correlations between Research Constructs (HTMT) ............................... 111 Table 18 - Correlations between Research Constructs (HTMT – continued) ........... 112 Table 19 - Common method bias checking ............................................................... 113 Table 20 - R-Square values ........................................................................................ 120 Table 21 - f-square values .......................................................................................... 121 Table 22 - Q-square values ........................................................................................ 123 Table 23 - PLS-SEM (The direct effects) .................................................................. 124 Table 24 - PLS-SEM (The mediation effects) ........................................................... 126 Table 25 - Company’s operation time ....................................................................... 127 Table 26 - Robust tests (Company’s operation time) ................................................ 127 Table 27 - Company’s capital investment ................................................................. 128 Table 28 - Robust tests (Company’s capital investment) .......................................... 128 x Table 29 - MGA (Manufacturing vs Other industries) .............................................. 130 Table 30 - Bootstrapping Results (Manufacturing vs Transportation) ...................... 131 Table 31 - MGA (Vendors vs Other industries) ........................................................ 132 Table 32 - Bootstrapping Results (Vendors vs Warehouses/Transportation) ........... 133 Table 33 - Summary of hypothesis testing results ..................................................... 134 Table 34 - Harman’s single factor test (CMB) .......................................................... 200 Table 35 - Rotated component matrix ....................................................................... 201 Table 36 - KMO and Bartlett’s Test .......................................................................... 202 1 ABSTRACT Problem: The importance of sustainability in the supply chain has steadily risen in recent decades as a result of the growing awareness on the social issues. In order to achieve sustainability successfully, set out by the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam on sustainable development, the Government has issued the “Orientation for sustainable development of the country”. Reason for writing: is to examine the relationship between supply chain social sustainability and supply chain performance, as well as explore the mediating role of supply chain integration on this relationship. Methods: PLS-SEM model is developed to identify the impacts of sustainability on performance outcomes and the mediating role of supply chain integration. The author received 428 responses from small, medium and large companies located in Vietnam, and after filtering, 408 responses were used for further analysis. Results: This finding showed that sustainability impacts significantly on integration and performance in the supply chain. Moreover, the result indicates that supplier integration and internal integration mediate the relationship between