1. The necessity of the thesis
Social structure along with the mode of production, economic structure of
society constitutes the basis of social reality, the basic factor, determining the
development of society. Historical materialism states: "In every historical age,
the primary mode of economic production and trade, together with the social
structure determined by that mode, forms the basis of politics history of the
time and the history of the intellectual development of the era, the basis that
only from which we can explain that history. "
The social structure is always changing depending on the change of
economic production and life. The transformation of social structure has a
strong impact on the transformation and development of economic production
and the society in general, including both positive and negative impacts. It can
be said, research on social structure and the transformation of social structure is
the urgent theoretical issue being set.
In Vietnam, in the renewal period, to develop the socialist-oriented
market economy, to accelerate industrialization and modernization and
international integration, social structure has significant and profound
transformations, creating social effects and consequences.
The Mekong Delta is one of the key economic regions of the country,
especially the agricultural economy, in which farmers are the large and main
workforce, the main subject of the industrialization and modernization process
of rural agriculture and new rural construction in the area.
In the past years, along with the strong economic changes, social structure
in general, the social structure of farmers in particular in the Mekong Delta also
has varied and diversified changes, contributing to the positive development in
the socio-economic aspects of the Mekong Delta and its social life; However,
there are also negative social consequences that are not desired, and there
should be a positive orientation for the change accordingly.
Because of this urgency, I chose the issue: "The transformation of the
social structure of farmers in the Mekong Delta nowadays", as the topic of the
PhD thesis in social science.
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HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS
NGUYEN MINH SANG
THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE
OF FARMERS IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA
NOWADAYS
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS
FIELD OF STUDY: SOCIAL SCIENCE DOCTRINE
Code: 62 22 03 08
HA NOI - 2017
The thesis is completed at
Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Duong Xuan Ngoc
Reviewer 1: .......................................................
.......................................................
Reviewer 2: .......................................................
.......................................................
Reviewer 3: .......................................................
.......................................................
The thesis shall be defeneded in front of the Thesis Committee at
Academy level at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
At...... hour....... date...... month...... year 2017
The thesis can be found at: National Library and
Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics
1
INTRODUCTION
1. The necessity of the thesis
Social structure along with the mode of production, economic structure of
society constitutes the basis of social reality, the basic factor, determining the
development of society. Historical materialism states: "In every historical age,
the primary mode of economic production and trade, together with the social
structure determined by that mode, forms the basis of politics history of the
time and the history of the intellectual development of the era, the basis that
only from which we can explain that history. "
The social structure is always changing depending on the change of
economic production and life. The transformation of social structure has a
strong impact on the transformation and development of economic production
and the society in general, including both positive and negative impacts. It can
be said, research on social structure and the transformation of social structure is
the urgent theoretical issue being set.
In Vietnam, in the renewal period, to develop the socialist-oriented
market economy, to accelerate industrialization and modernization and
international integration, social structure has significant and profound
transformations, creating social effects and consequences.
The Mekong Delta is one of the key economic regions of the country,
especially the agricultural economy, in which farmers are the large and main
workforce, the main subject of the industrialization and modernization process
of rural agriculture and new rural construction in the area.
In the past years, along with the strong economic changes, social structure
in general, the social structure of farmers in particular in the Mekong Delta also
has varied and diversified changes, contributing to the positive development in
the socio-economic aspects of the Mekong Delta and its social life; However,
there are also negative social consequences that are not desired, and there
should be a positive orientation for the change accordingly.
Because of this urgency, I chose the issue: "The transformation of the
social structure of farmers in the Mekong Delta nowadays", as the topic of the
PhD thesis in social science.
2
2. Research purposes and research tasks
2.1. Research purposes
The dissertation analysis clarifies the theoretical issues about the change
of social structure of farmers in the Mekong Delta; Analyze and clarify the
situation of social structure changes of the Mekong Delta farmers in the current
period, presenting the trends of changes in the social structure of the Mekong
Delta farmers until 2020 with a vision to 2030, and propose solutions to
positively direct that transformation.
2.2. Research tasks
(1) present an overview of typical scientific works related to the topic; (2)
Analyze and clarify the theoretical issues on the social structure change of the
Mekong Delta farmers; (3) Analyze and clarify the situation of social structure
changes of Mekong Delta farmers from 1996 to present; (4) Forecast the
changing trend of social structure of Mekong Delta farmers until 2020 and
vision to 2030; (5) Identify some basic ideas and propose solutions to positively
orient the process of changing social monitoring of the Mekong Delta farmers
in the present period.
3. Research subjects and scope of study
3.1. Research subjects
Study on the social structure change of farmers in the Mekong Delta in
the present period (farmers are studied as class).
3.2. Research scope
- Research space: the surveyed population is in the Mekong Delta
provinces, but mainly in five provinces (Long An, Vinh Long, An Giang, Ca
Mau, Soc Trang and Can Tho). Because these are provinces and cities with
many characteristics of the Mekong Delta.
- Research period: The survey on the status of social structure changes of
the Mekong Delta farmers and the trend of social structure change of farmers in
the Mekong Delta is concentrated in the period (1996 to date), since this is the
period with many undertakings, policies of the Party and State in socio-
economic development which have a strong impact on the social structure of
the Mekong Delta farmers.
- Content of the study: The social structure of the farmer is very broad,
including many types of social structure, within the scope of this topic, the
author only mentioned three basic types of social structure of farmers in the
3
Mekong Delta, which are: Social - class structure; Social - occupation structure;
Social - population structure.
4. Theoretical - practical basis and research methodology
4.1. Theoretical basis
The dissertation is based on the theoretical background on social
structure, farmers’ social structure of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh
ideology, Party and State documents, and selective inheritance of faculties,
studies and related articles by other authors that have been published.
4.2. Practical basis
- Based on the experience and lessons learned in solving the social
structure transformation of the farmer class in other countries and regions in
Vietnam.
- Based on the situation of all Mekong Delta farmers and the changing
situation of social structure of farmers in the Mekong Delta in recent time.
4.3. Research Methodology
* Methodology
The thesis is based on the methodology of dialectical materialism and
historical materialism in which the specific historical objective principle is applied
in a concrete way. This means that the theme "The transformation of the social
structure of Mekong Delta farmers nowadays" should be studied in the context of
the transition to a market economy mechanism, implementing industrialization,
modernization of the country and international economic integration.
Applying the methodology of philosophy, scientific socialism, objects of
the subject are approached objectively, mobilized and transformed according to
the development of society.
* General method
The thesis uses the synthesis of general methods such as: analysis -
synthesis, system - structure, logic - history ...
* Specific method
- Document analysis method
- Method of field survey
5. New contributions of the thesis
5.1. New theoretical contribution
The thesis contributes to clarify the theoretical issues on the social
structure change of the Mekong Delta farmers: general theories on the change
4
of social structure, social structure of farmers, the concept of social structure,
the change of social structure of the farmers in the Mekong Delta and the basic
content of the change of social structure of farmers in the Mekong Delta;
Generalizing the factors influencing the social structure change of the Mekong
Delta farmers; Assessing the situation and forecasting of the trend of social
structure change of farmers in the Mekong Delta; Proposing ideas and solutions
to the positive trend of social structure change monitoring of Mekong Delta
farmers from now until 2020 with a vision to 2030.
5.2. New practical contributions
(1) Analyze the factors influencing the social structure change of the
Mekong Delta farmers in the current period; (2) Analyze and clarify the
situation of social structure change of farmers in Mekong Delta from 1996 to
present; (3) Forecasting the changing trends of social structure of Mekong Delta
farmers to 2020 and vision to 2030; (4) Proposed some specific and feasible
solutions to positively influence the social structure change of the Mekong
Delta farmers to 2020 with a vision to 2030.
6. The practical meaning of the thesis
(1) The research results of the thesis contribute to deepen the scientific
basis of the study and solve in practice the problems of the social structure
change of farmer classes and social policy towards farmers in our
countryside today.
(2) The dissertation can also contribute to supplement and improve the
Party's and State's guidelines and policies towards farmers in the Mekong Delta,
consolidate and strengthen the agro-industrial-intellectual union in the current
period. At the same time, the dissertation can also serve the study, research and
teaching of a number of philosophical topics, social science and social sciences
in colleges, universities and main schools in provinces, district training centers
in the Mekong Delta.
7. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of works published by the
author related to the thesis and list of reference, the thesis consists of 4 chapters,
11 sections.
5
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHES ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF
SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF FARMERS
Transforming social structure, transforming the social structure of the
farmer class is common in Vietnam since moving to a market economy. This
social process has been taking place in an increasing severe and complex way
(influences both positively and negatively) on many aspects of social life. For
that reason, from the early 1990s to now, there are many organizations and
individuals interested in researching and interpretating of this issue in terms of
theory and practice. It is possible to re-organize those studies in the following
categories:
1.1. THEORETICAL RESEARCH WORKS ON SOCIAL STRUCTURE,
CHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE CHANGE
OF THE FARMER CLASS
1.1.1. Theoretical studies on social structure and transformation of
social structure
(1) Hoang Chi Bao (1992), Classical social structure in our country -
theory and practice, Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; (2) Nguyen
Quang Ngoc - Editor (1998), Social structure in the development of Vietnamese
history, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; (3) Nguyen Dinh Tan
(2005), Social structure and social stratification. Contributions in theory and
practical application. "Journal of Sociology, Vol. 3; (4) Pham Ngoc Quang -
Dinh Quang Ty (2006), "Contributing to recognize the social structure of our
country through 20 years of renovation," Journal of Philosophy, No. 3 (178);
(5) Research by Phung Thi Hue - Editor - (2008): Transforming Class Structure
in China during the Opening Reform; (6) Bui The Cuong - Editor (2010),
Contribution to the study of social change in Vietnam today, Social Science
Publishing House, Hanoi; (7) Do Nguyen Phuong - Tran Xuan Kien (2010),
Vietnam social structure and pressing social issues in the renovation process,
National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; (8) Ta Ngoc Tan - Director (2010),
Trends in social structure change in Vietnam, State-level scientific research
project, Political-theoretical research program 2006-2010, No. KX.04 / 06-10,
Hanoi; (9) Le Huu Nghia - Chairperson (2010), Social structure and social
stratification in our country in new conditions, State-level scientific project
6
KX.02.17 / 06-10), Hanoi ; (10) Nguyen Van Nam (2011), "Differentiation of
the rich and poor in our country today," Journal of Living Theory, No. (2); (11)
The American Socialist Variation Study, by Ian Robertson on the basis of
income and occupation, divides American society into six classes; (12) In
recent years, a number of Chinese scientists have studied the transformation of
social structure with a new approach that is consistent with the transformation
of Chinese society during the opening of market economy. Typically, the study
of Luc Hoc Nghe (Editor): A Report on the Study of Contemporary Chinese
Social Level; (13) In Japan, after the Second World War, based on employment
status, business size and occupation, Professor Tominaga Kenichi divided the
Japanese society into seven classes.
1.1.2. Theoretical studies on the social structure of the farmer class
(1) Do Thi Thach - Editor (2003), Socio-professional restructuring of Red
River Delta farmers in current period, Ministry-level science research project,
Hanoi; (2) Le Xuan Ba (2006), "Determinants of structural change in the labor
force in rural Vietnam," Research Report, CIEM; (3) Duong Thi Minh -
Chairman (2008), Current Transformation of the Vietnamese Farmer Class -
Current Situation and Solutions, Ministry Level Science Project, Hanoi.
1.2. RESEARCHES ON THE ACTUAL SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS
FOR ORGANIZING THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE FARMER CLASS
(1) Le Ngoc Triet (2002) Trends of changes in the social structure of the
farmer class in Vietnam, PhD thesis, Ho Chi Minh Academy of Politics, Hanoi;
(2) Do Thi Thach - Editor (2003), Socio-professional restructuring of Red River
Delta farmers in the present period, Ministry-level science project, Hanoi; (3)
Tran Thi Minh Ngoc (2005), Migration with the Formation and Development of
Southern Focal Economic Zone, Ministry-level Subject, Ho Chi Minh City; Le
Xuan Ba (2006), "Determinants of structural change in the labor force in rural
Vietnam," Research Report, CIEM; (5) Phan Thanh Khoi - Luong Xuan Hien -
Co-editor (2006), Some socio-economic issues in the process of
industrialization and modernization of the Red River delta, Political Theory
Publishing House, Ha Noi (6) Pham Ngoc Quang - Dinh Quang Ty (2006),
"Contributing to identify the social structure of our country through 20 years of
renovation", Journal of Philosophy, No. 3 (178) (7) Duong Thi Minh -
Chairperson (2008), Current Transformation of the Vietnamese Peasantry -
Current Situation and Solutions, Ministry-level Science Project, Hanoi; (8)
7
Nguyen Ba Ngoc (2008), "Challenges in the restructuring of agricultural and
rural labor in our country", Institute of Labor Science and Social Affairs,
Bulletin (28), Hanoi; (9) Nam Son (2009), "Transforming the social structure
and its impact on farmers and rural areas today," Journal of the Communists
No. 20 (188); Vo Thanh Dung (2010), "Rural labor restructuring and the impact
of this shift on farmers in Can Tho City", Journal of Science, No. 16, Hanoi;
(11) Le Huu Nghia - Chairperson (2010), Social structure and social
stratification in our country in new conditions, State-level scientific project
KX.02.17 / 06-10), Hanoi ; (12) Do Nguyen Phuong - Tran Xuan Kien (2010),
Vietnam's social structure and pressing social issues in the renovation process,
National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi; (13) Ta Ngoc Tan - Chairman
(2010), The trend of social structure change in Vietnam, State-level scientific
project, theoretical and political research program 2006-2010, code KX.04 / 06-
10, Hanoi: (14) Le Thanh Sang, Nguyen Thi Minh Chau (2013), "Social
stratification in the South East with a vision comparable to Ho Chi Minh City
and the Southwest", Journal of Social Sciences, No. 2 (174), Hanoi; (15) Bui
The Cuong (2015), "Farmers in social stratification structure", Journal of
Sociology, No 2, Hanoi.
1.3. RESEARCHES ON AGRICULTURE, FARMERS AND RURAL
AREA HAVING IMPACTS ON THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF FARMERS
IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA REGION
Le Huu Xanh (1998), Moral Characteristics of Farmers in the Southern
Delta and Their Impact on the Industrialization and Modernization of
Agriculture and Rural Areas in Southern Vietnam, Ministry Level Science
Project, Hanoi; (2) Nguyen Dinh Huong - Editor (2001), Production and life of
landless or lack-of-land farmers in the Mekong Delta - Current status and
solutions, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; (3) Lam Quang Huyen
(2002), Rural Agriculture in the South towards the 21st Century, Science-
Society Publisher, Hanoi; (4) Bui Thi Ngoc Lan (2006), Employment of Red
River Delta farmers in the process of industrialization and modernization,
Ministry-level Science project, Hanoi; (5) Sustainable Agriculture in Thailand -
An evaluation on the sustainability in Ethanol Production, Piyawan SuksrijKeio
University, Japan, (2008); Li Luping (2009), Household Income
Transformation in Rural China, International Conference on Agricultural
Economics, Beijing, China (7) Nguyen Van Sanh (2009) Develop "Tam nong"
8
and apply to the context of the Mekong Delta, Agricultural Publishing House.
Ho Chi Minh City; (8) Some Theoretical and Practical Issues for Sustainable
Agriculture Development and Lessons for Agricultural Development in
Cambodia, Serey Mardy, Nguyen Phuc Tho, Chu Thi Kim Loan, Svay Kieng
Unlversity and Hanoi University of Agriculture, Journal of Science and
Development, 2013, vol. 11, no. 3; (9) The Saemaul Undong: South Korea's
Rural Development Miracle in Historical Perspective, Mike Douglass, Asia
Research Institute and Department of Sociology National University of
Singapore, February 2013; (10) Party Committee of Can Tho City - Steering
Committee of the Southwest - Editorial Board of the Communist Review
(2014), "Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in
the Mekong Delta - 30 years of review" Study, Science workshop summary,
May 19, 2014. Can Tho; (11) Hau Giang Provincial Party Committee (2014),
Summary Report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development at the 3
rd Briefing Meeting on the implementation of the National Targeted Program
for Rural Development in the Mekong River Delta Region, held on February
24-25, 2014 in Hau Giang Province.
1.4. VALUES NEED REFERRING, PERSPECTIVES NOT YET
APPROACHED OF THE RELATED RESEARCHES AND SOME ISSUES
NEEDS FURTHER STUDYING
Through the review of the research above can draw the general
assessment as follows:
1.4.1. The values to be consulted and perspectives that have not been
approached by the related researches
Firstly, for the group of theoretical studies on social structure, social
structure change, social structure change of the farmer class
It can be asserted that in recent years, theoretical issues of social structure
change, social structure changes of the farmer class has been studied by many
scientists domestically and abroad from different directions, approaches, angles
and levels (from books to state-level, ministry-level scientific subjects, journal
articles, dissertations ...) and achieved very important results such as:
The authors have clarified the theoretical issues on social structure, social
structure change, the social structure changes of the farmer class in many
aspects: concept, content, characteristics, trends of change, impacting factors,
effects of that change on all aspects of social life ... The above research results
9
have made important contributions to the dissemination and development of
theory, from the conceptual system to the way of approaches, methods of social
structure screening, social structure change. The above studies on the one hand
provide a valuable theoretical foundation for further exploratory analysis of the
issue of social structure change, and social structure