Luận án The transformation of socialist production relations during the reform period of Vietnam

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS NGUYEN VAN SON THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS DURING THE REFORM PERIOD OF VIETNAM SUMMARY OF THE PHD THESIS FIELD OF STUDY: DIALECTICAL AND HISTORICAL MATERIALISM Code: 62 22 03 02 HA NOI - 2017 The thesis is completed at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Supervisors: 1. Assoc. Prof., Dr.Tran Ngoc Linh 2. Assoc. Prof., Dr.Vu Hong Son Reviewer 1: .............................................................. Reviewer 2: .............................................................. Reviewer 3: .............................................................. The thesis will be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy level, at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At hour date month year 2017 The thesis can be found at the National Library and the Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The necessity of the thesis The rule of "production relations are in line with the level of productive force" has especially important meaning in social rules because it is the fundamental rule that governed the development process of human society. In Vietnam, before renovation period, socialist production relations were impatiently established. We had removed other types of production relations while the level of production forces was low, new production relations went far beyond the level of productive forces, inhibited the development of productive forces which led to the socio-economic crisis. In the renovation years, we have applied correctly and creatively the rule: "production relations are in line with the level of productive force", having adjusted production relations to be in line with the level of productive forces by developing a diverse range of production relations, including socialist production relations, which provides a fundamental turning point in socio-economic development. However, along with the achievements, production relations are still inappropriate and limited in releasing of production forces. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to adjust production relations to be in line with production forces in order to release production forces and boost production development. At present, there are many factors affecting the socialist production relations in our country, along with the trend of globalization, cooperation and regionalization which are happening strongly. Therefore, studying about adjustment of socialist production relations to develop production and make our country integrate with the general trend is very necessary. In the transitional period to socialism in our country, there are many different kinds of production relations such as: the pre-capitalist production relations, the capitalist production relations, and the socialist production relations... in which, socialist production relations in our country are always determined as a leading role in the national economy. Along with reforming process of the country, socialist production relations have also been constantly renewed and improved. The Party affirmed the construction and improving of socialist production relations as a regular and continuous task during the transitional period to socialism in order to boost production. The construction of socialist production relations in transitional period in our country is very necessary but also very difficult, complex. Because this is an unprecedented path which requires experiment during process of construction. Therefore, through each period, it is imperative to adjust the production relations to promote production development and maintain the 2 socialist orientation. In accomplish this task, it is necessary to research the transformation of socialist production relations from the time of its formation, especially in the renovation period. Because of the above reasons, the author has chosen the topic “The transformation of socialist production relations during the reform period of Vietnam” for his PHD thesis. 2. Research objectives and tasks 2.1. Research objectives Based on theoretical analysis and situation of changing socialist production relations in Vietnam, the thesis contributes to recommend a number of major directions and solutions to promote positive changes, to limit the negative changes of socialist production relations in order to promote production development. 2.2. Tasks of the thesis - To research some basic theoretical viewpoints on socialist production relations and factors affecting the transformation of socialist production relations in the period of reform in Vietnam. - To analyze the reality of transforming the socialist production relations in the reform period of socialist construction in Vietnam. - To contribute to a number of major orientations and solutions to promote positive changes, limit the negative changes of socialist production relations in Vietnam nowadays. 3. The rationale and research methods 3.1. The rationale The thesis is based on the rationale of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's ideology, the Party and State's viewpoints, guidelines and policies on production relations and socialist production relations in our country during the period of reform. The thesis also inherits the theoretical viewpoints of the scientists on the relevant content. 3.2. The research method The thesis uses a combination of research methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to interpret the contents, focusing on the following methods: history - logic, analysis, and synthesis, comparative, inductive - interpretative, so on to carry out the designed tasks. 4. Subject and scope of the research 4.1. The research subject The thesis researches the movement and transformation of socialist production relations in our country in the period of reform which is defined in two components: the state economy and the collective economy. 3 4.2. Scope of the research The thesis studies the movement and transformation of the state economy and the collective economy from 1986 to the present. In the state economy, the thesis does not study the whole of this economic component, but study and survey the state-owned enterprises that are the core part of state economy. In the composition of collective economy, the thesis focuses on surveying cooperatives as a pillar of the collective economy, thus contributing to making some major solutions to promote positive changes and limit the negative changes of socialist production relations in Vietnam's reform period. 5. New contributions of the thesis The thesis researches the factors that influence the transformation of socialist production relations in the period of reform in Vietnam. The thesis researches the role of socialist production relations in the period of reform in our country. The thesis clarifies situation of transformation of socialist production relations in the period of reform in Vietnam. The thesis contributes to the analysis of remaining issues of socialist production relations in Vietnam today. The thesis initially proposes a number of orientations and solutions to promote positive changes and limit the negative changes of socialist production relations in Vietnam today. 6. Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis 6.1. Theoretical meanings The thesis contributes to raise awareness about the role of production relations in general and the role of socialist production relations in Vietnam in particular during the country's socio-economic development. The thesis can be used as a reference material for research, teaching and interested people. 6.2. Practical meanings The viewpoints and proposed solutions may suggest to the authorities, the leaders to have the appropriate adjustments to promote positive changes, limit the negative changes of socialist production relations in our country. 7. Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of published scientific works of the author related to the thesis and references, the thesis consists of 4 chapters, 10 sections. 4 Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON RELATED RESEARCH OF THE THESIS TOPIC 1.1. RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE GENERAL THEORY ON SOCIALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF REFORM IN VIET NAM In the process of researching and collecting materials, we find that there are many in-depth research works on socialist production relations. These works research socialist production relations on different levels as follows: "Marxist viewpoint of ownership and some thoughts on ownership in our country today" by Vu Hong Son. "Some theoretical- practical issues on socialism and the way to socialism in Vietnam” by Phung Huu Phu, et al. The topic: "Research and summary to clarify some theoretical issues on the relationship between development of production forces and construction forces, gradually improve socialist production relations" of the Institute of Philosophy, Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy, chairman by Tran Van Phong. “Private ownership and private economy in Vietnam today - some issues of perception on theory and reality “by Luong Minh Cu - Vu Van Thuc." The ownership issue in a market economy of socialist orientation in Vietnam" by Nguyen Ke Tuan (editors)," Ownership issues and sustainable development in Vietnam and China in the early years of the 21st century "by Luong Viet Hai (editor). “Collective Ownership and Collective Economy in a Socialist-Oriented Market Economy in Vietnam “by Chu Van Lam (editor)," Building Socialist-Oriented production Relations and make progress in social justice in Vietnam "by Luong Xuan Quy. The second basic aspect of production relations - the relationship among people in organizations, production management - is also the subject of many research works as follows: Reforming management and equalizing state-owned enterprises in order to improve competitiveness and efficiency by Phu Giang, Vietnam's economic theory and reality by Vo Dai Luoc; State-owned enterprise management - Inadequacy and innovative proposal by Nguyen Canh Nam, High quality human resource development: experience from Viettel by Nguyen Thanh Nam, State-owned enterprise model in Vietnam until 2020 by Pham Quang Trung... Relationships among people in product distribution are also one of the fundamental aspects of production relations. However, in the process of exploring and collecting documents, we find that there are not many in-depth research works on this issue. Here are some of the researches we have approached. The general theory of distribution of socialism, by Li Bing - Chinese. "The distribution of 5 products in the transitional period to socialism in our country today" by Nguyen Duc Luan. 1.2. RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO SITUATION OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF REFORM IN VIET NAM Over the years, there have been many works, articles related to the reality of socialist production relations in different perspectives, such as: "Vietnam economy through 30 years of transformation" by Pham Quy Tho, Publishing House of Information and Communication. "Debt of state-owned enterprises: the threat of Vietnam's public debt", Journal of Economic Research (453) by Pham The Anh. "Some Challenges in the Equalization of state-owned enterprises in Vietnam" by Nguyen Duc Do, Financial Times Magazine, 10/2016. "Reforming the growth model, restructuring the economy" of the Central Economic Committee, led by Mr. Vuong Dinh Hue. "Reforming management of state-owners towards State economic corporation in Vietnam" by Phung The Hung. "State-owned enterprises in a socialist-oriented market economy" by the authors of the Central Committee's Scientific Council, chaired by Nguyen Duy Hung. "State management with state-owned economic corporation in Vietnam" by Nguyen Thi Ha Dong. "The Nature of ownership in a multi-sectoral economy in Viet Nam”, "The new wind for economic cooperation” by Thu Huong, published in Business Times Magazine No. 245, December, 2016. "The nature of ownership in the multi-sectoral economy in Vietnam" (2006) by Zhang Jiang Long. 1.3. RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS FOR SOCIALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF REFORM IN VIET NAM Over the years, there have been many works that have proposed solutions to develop socialist production relations in our country in different aspects as follows: "A number of theoretical and practical issues of socialism and the road to socialism in Vietnam" by Phung Huu Phu, Le Huu Nghia, Vu Van Hien and Nguyen Viet Thong (co-editors). "New thinking on socio-economic development of Vietnam in the new context" by Luong Xuan Quy. "Economic Corporation in Promoting Economic Restructuring" by Nguyen Huu Dat and Ngo Tuan Nghia co-editor. "State-owned enterprises in the socialist-oriented market economy" by the authors of the Scientific Council of the Central Party. "Reforming the efficiency of state-owned enterprises, ensuring the leading role of the state economy in the socialist-oriented market economy" by Ta Ngoc Tan and Le Quoc Ly as the editor and publisher, 2012. "Development of collective economy in 30 years of reform in 6 Vietnam" by Vu Kim Cu. "International Cooperative Experiences and reality in Vietnam" by the Department of Planning and Investment. 1.4. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS AND ISSUES THAT NEED FURTHER STUDY 1.4.1. Overview the research results of scientific works related to the thesis After surveying researches related to the thesis’s contents, the authors can overview the following results: Firstly, the works have researched the theory of socialist production relations in terms of: - Researching the theory of Marxism-Leninism on the ownership and application of the Vietnam Communist Party to the cause of reform. All the research works confirm the need to develop diversified forms of ownership, to form a socialist-oriented market economy in our country. - Researching the general economic model in our country during the transitional period to socialism. In this area, there are authors such as Phung Huu Phu, Tran Van Phong, Truong Giang Long ... All authors affirm that the socialist- oriented market economy in our country is a modern, integrating market economy with many forms of ownership, various economic sectors; in which state economy plays the major role. The major role of State economy is the peculiarity of our economy to lead the orientation towards socialism, socialist production relations are not only suitable but also progressive as the Party affirmation in the document of the 12th Congress "have the progressive production relations, which suit the level of production force." Secondly, the works have researched the reality of socialist production relations in Vietnam during the period of reform. The researches belong to this group are reflected in research works on state- owned enterprises, economic corporations and cooperatives in our country during the period of reform. Especially, in the recent years, when the economic crisis affects our country, it clearly exposed the limitations of socialist production relations. The works have shown the urgent, negative aspects of socialist production relations such as: big losses of state-owned enterprises, the weakness of Cooperatives in Vietnam. These are overly references to the author when writing chapter 3 with the content on the status of the transformation of socialist production relations in Vietnam in the period of reform. Thirdly, the works have provided directions and solutions to promote the positive effects, limit the negative effects of the state economy and collective economy. These are the necessary references to chapter 4 of the thesis. However, 7 in each of these research works, the authors mainly provide directions and solutions to the content they have studied that are each aspect, each specific part of the production relations. Thus, in addition to the successor of the predecessor, the solution also provides a direction and some of its principal solutions to promote positive changes, limit the negative changes of the socialist productive relations in Vietnam today. 1.4.2. The arising issues that need further study From literature review on related research of the thesis topic and the results that are already outlined above, the author presents some issues that the thesis needs to focus on. Firstly, to systemize the theory of Marxism-Leninism and some of the Communist parties in the world and the Communist Party of Vietnam on production relations and socialist production relations Secondly, to research the factors that influence the transformation of socialist production relations in our country in the context of globalization and cooperation which is going on strongly. Thirdly, to research the role of socialist production relations in the period of reform, the orientation to socialism in Vietnam Fourthly, to research the reality of changes of socialist production relations in the period of reform. Fifthly, to propose major directions and solutions to promote positive changes and limit the negative changes of the socialist production relations in Vietnam today. Summary of chapter 1 Based on an overview of the research works related to the thesis topic, it can be seen that there have been many research works on production relations and socialist production relations up to now in the period of reform in our country. Research works on various aspects and approaches. However, the research on socialist production relations from a philosophical point of view is not much. Hence, the thesis continues to inherit the results of the predecessors to apply to researching the transformation of socialist production relations in the reform period in Vietnam, to interpret the proposed issues in terms of philosophy. In doing so, the author believes that his research will have a certain contribution to the system of research works on socialist production relations in our country and contribute to the reference material for policymakers involved in socialist production relations in Vietnam. 8 Chapter 2 SOCIALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS IN THE PERIOD OF REFORM IN VIET NAM- SOME GENERAL THEORETICAL ISSUES 2.1. SOCIALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS AND ITS ROLE IN THE PERIOD OF REFORM IN VIET NAM 2.1.1. Conception of production relations and socialist production relations 2.1.1.1. Conception of Marxism-Leninism in production relations * Concept of production relations Production relations are the concept of historical materialism, which refers to the relations among people in the process of material production. This is the basic economic relations that characterize a certain socialist regime. Production relations consist of three aspects: the ownership relations on the means of production, the relations on the organization of production management, the relations on the distribution of products. * Structure of production relations The above concept shows that production relations consist of three basic aspects: relations among people on ownership of production materials, organization, production management, distribution of labor products. In those aspects of production relations, the ownership relations on the means of production materials are the starting relations, the basic relations, and characterize the produc