Tóm tắt luận án Policy on forest environment lease in national parks in the northern vietnam

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY BUI THI MINH NGUYET POLICY ON FOREST ENVIRONMENT LEASE IN NATIONAL PARKS IN THE NORTHERN VIETNAM CASE STUDY AT BA VI, TAM DAO, BEN EN NATIONAL PARKS SPECIALTY: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS CODE: 62.62.01.15 SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION ON ECONOMICS Scientific Instructor: 1. Assoc.Prof.Dr Vu Dinh Thang 2. Assoc.Prof.Dr Tran Quoc Khanh Ha Noi - 2014 This work has been completed at: NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY Judge 1: Judge 2: Jude 3 : The Dissertation will be defended at University Doctoral Committee held at National Economics University at …..hours, on…… 2014 The Dissertaton can be further referred to at : National Library Library of National Economics University LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Articles 1. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2011), Hire special forest environment to develop ecotourism in Ba Vi National Park – Situations and Solutions, Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ha Noi. 2. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2012), Solution to sustainable ecotourism development in Ba Vi National Park, Journal of Forestry Technology and Science, Ha Noi, No 04/2012. 3. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet, Vu Dinh Thang (2013), The impact of policies for leasing forest environment in Ba Vi National park, Journal of Development Economics, Ha Noi. 4. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2013), Solution to ecotourism development in Tam Dao National Park, Giải pháp phát triển du lịch sinh thái tại Vườn quốc gia Tam ðảo, Journal of Forestry Technology and Science, No 01/2013 5. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2011), The Policies of forest environment lease to ecotourism business in National Parks of Vietnam, The summary record of workshop by National Economics University. 6. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet, Tran Quang Bao (2013), Models of exploiting forest environmental service for ecotourism service business in Ba Vi National Park, Ha Noi. Journal of Forestry Technology and Science, No 04/2013. Reports of Projects 1. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2009), Some solutions contribute to promoting linkages between the State, enterprises, farmers and scientists in the forest business in midland areas of northern Vietnam, University Project. 2. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2011), Some solutions in order to improve the policies for leasing forest environment in Ba Vi, Tam Dao Nation Parks, University Project. 3. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2011), Comparative studies in developing large wood in the mountainous area of the Northern Vietnam, Funded by JICA – Japan. 4. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2013), Research on methods of determining the value of land in agriculutural and forestry enterprises, Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology. 5. Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2013), Research on management policies of National Park to ensure sustained growth of Melaleuca in U Minh Thuong and U Minh Ha National Park, Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology. PREFACE 1. Rationale: Exploiting the benefits from National Park, particularly the value of forest environment services are interested in and experimented by many National Park in the world. Vietnam also allows the National Park to organize proactively in ecotourism business activities to generate investment income for forest protection and development. A new development trend in recent time is companies, organizations, individuals wishing to rent forest environment in National Parks for ecotourism business. Although the trend has been formed newly, this is a potential development trend and get the consensus of society. Besides, the forest environment lease is a method to socialize forest environment services which contribute revenues to be reinvested in forest protection and development by their own capital, reducing investment from the State. Though the State has adopted the policy of forest environment lease for ecotourism business in National Parks and this policy has been evaluated successfully in pilot National Parks for leasing but the policy has been implemented slowly. One of the main reasons is that the forest environment leasing policy has been incompleted, scattered in a number of different laws, lack of necessary regulations, or some inadequated regulations which cause difficulties for the development process. Therefore, the management plans, the legal framework and the policies for leasing forest environment are still an open question which should be the orientation of the management levels and forestry. From above issues, the research on the perfect forest environment lease policies in National Parks is necessary and urgent. This is the main reason to choose this problem as the subject of my dissertation. 2. Research Objectives: Researching on scientific base and the state of policies on forest environment lease for ecotourism business to propose a complete solution for leasing forest environment in National Parks in Northern region of Vietnam. 3. Research Objects: The dissertation focuses on policy research of forest environment lease for business purposes in National Parks in Northern region of Vietnam. 4. Research Scope - Space: Selected research areas are Ba Vi (Ha Noi), Tam Dao (Vinh Phuc) and Ben En (Thanh Hoa) National Parks. - Time: Research from 2002 when a pilot scheme of forest environment lease had been stated in some National Parks of Vietnam. - Research contents: + Rationale and practice base of policy for leasing forest environment in National Park. + The status of policy and policy implementation for leasing forest environment in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Parks, results, restrictions and causes. + Solutions for completing forest environment lease policy in National Parks in Northern region of Vietnam. 5. New Scientific Contributions of Dissertation - In terms of theory: Systematizing theoretical basis for forest environment lease policy and leasing for ecotourism business purposes in National Parks. Summarizing the international experience for forest environment lease policy and drawing lessons for Vietnam. Synthesizing policy documents that relate to forest environment lease policy in Vietnam, analyzing the limitations and shortcomings of forest environment lease policy in national Parks. - In terms of practice: Assessing the implementation status of forest environment lease policy in National Parks; Evaluating the positive and negative sides in implementing forest environment lease policy in National Park; Evaluating the appropriateness of policies related to leasing forest environment in National Park; offering lessons learned in implementing forest environment policy in National Park. - Base on a theoretical and practical basis, proposing solutions in order to improve the policy and implementation of forest environment lease policy in National Park, Vietnam. 6. Researching methods 6.1. Methods of Collecting Information * Method of selecting study object: National Parks chosen in the research locate in various positions in the northern region. They have the potential to lease environment and deploy forest environment lease activities in various degrees. At each National Park, following information was collected: Information about the basic features of the National Park, the National Park management, ecotourism activity management and management of forest environment leasing. Besides, information on the status of implementation of forest environment lease policy in National Park and information about the participation of the parties in the implementation of forest environment lease policy were also collected. * Methods of collecting information: - Secondary information: Secondary information was collected through inheriting methods, research at desk, including: The relevant law documents; Information about summary and assessment of policy and the implementation of forest environment leasing policy; Documents and research results relating to the forest environment leasing policy; Reports from different levels of local government, the forestry management agencies, the research of National Parks. - Primary information: Information was collected through interviewing directly managers, interviewing people and participants who subject to the renting and leasing activities. Consulting ideas from experts through directly interviewing such as interviewing central level managers and scientists. Case study: comprehensive study in 3 National Parks, among them conducting in depth study of Ba Vi National Parks. The number of interview samples depends on the number of managing staffs and employees of Ba Vi National Park as well as the travel companies, expected number is about 100 people. 6.2. Information Processing and Analyzing: Information and data are aggregated and analyzed for each location and each content of the study. Specifically, the quantitative information (forms, data …) will be processed and integrated by the excel program. The methods of analysis: the method of economic statistics; the synthesis method, the descriptive method; the comparative method; the expert method. 7. Literature Review 7.1. International Researches There are only few studies on forest environment lease policy in National Parks. The dissertation reckoned up research projects related to the following areas: (1) Studies on the value of forests, environmental values of forests and forest environmental services: The studies confirmed that forests have many values, these values provide many different benefits, the full assessment of value of forest and forest environment is the basis for exploitation and sustainable forest management. But people are only interested in values of logging while the value of forest environmental services are really interested in lately. (2) The studies of exploitation of ecotourism services: The activities of ecotourism business, entertainment tend to rise and have increasingly high proportion of the total values of the forest. Leasing forest environment for ecotourism business has been considered as one of the important issues of forest management currently. (3) The studies of forest environment lease policy for ecotourism business in National Parks: awareness of forest evironmental value has been getting more attention, which lead to changes in policy of forest management and forestry. State policies related to forest environment lease are not really suitable for practical requirements, specific policy. Therefore, the implementation of forest environment lease is small and spontaneous. (4) The studies of evaluation of forest service values and determination of forest environment lease price: quantify this value is relatively complex, specific assessment methods can be applied depending on types of goods and environmental services provided by. 7.2. Research results in Vietnam In Vietnam, there are some research projects related to the topic such as: (1) Forest management system in Vietnam; (2) Forest evaluation determination; (3) Forest rent. These researches point out several related problems, a certain aspect of the policy as well as certain experiences. Because of the demands for the integration process and economic development, the innovation, perfect theoretical and practical policy for forest environment lease policy is an inevitable trend in Vietnam today. 8. Dissertation structure Besides Preface, Conclution, List of references and appendices, the dissertation structure includes 3 chapters: Chapter 1: Rationale and practice base of policy for leasing forest environment in National Park. Chapter 2: The state and implement of policy for leasing forest environment in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Parks. Chapter 3: Complete solutions for forest environment lease policy in in National Parks in Northern region of Vietnam. Chapter 1 RATIONALE AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF FOREST ENVIRONMENT LEASE POLICY IN NATIONAL PARKS 1.1. Forest environment rent in National parks 1.1.1. The concept and role of forest for society 1.1.1.1. The definition of forest: The forest is an ecosystem including forest, wild animals, forest micro-organism flora, forest land and other environmental factors. 1.1.1.2. The forest for society: Forest has 3 main roles including: (1) Providing forest products and non-timber forest products; (2) Protection role, protect ecological environment and provide forest environment services; (3) Role of society. 1.1.2. National Parks and their features in Vietnam 1.1.2.1. National Park: National Park is a part of special purpose forest, its functions are nature, natural landscape and biodiversity conservation. 1.1.2.2. Features of National Park:(1) National Park is a part of special purpose forest; (2) in undevelopment areas; (3) The majority of the National Park has a dual role (conservation combining entertainment, tourism. 1.1.2.3. National Park system in Vietnam: total of 128 forest purpose forests, including 30 National Parks, 48 nature reserves, 12 protected species areas, 38 protected landscape areas. 1.1.3. Forest environment and forest environment rent in National Parks 1.1.3.1. The concept of forest environment and forest environment services * The concept of forest environment: “Forest environment includes components of forest ecosystem: plants, animals, microorganisms, water, soil, air, natural landscape”(Decree No. 99/2010/Nð-CP). * The concept of forest environment services: “Forest environment services is to provide the use value of forest environment to meet the needs of society and people’s lives” (Decree No. 99/2010/Nð-CP). 1.1.3.2. The concept of forest and forest environment rent: “As a form of forest land use and forest of National Park, natural conservation area for organizations” (Decree No 104/2007/Qð-BNN). 1.2. Forest environment lease policy in National Park 1.2.1. The concept of forest environment lease policy: Forest environment lease policy is a set of policies, views, solutions, tools for impact on operations of forest environment lease in National Park to achieve proposedcriteria on the basis of ensuring the exploitation of forest environment service value for ecotourism business. 1.2.2. The basic elements forming policy for leasing forest environment: Determination of policy objectives, the text of the policy, certain rules for the implementation of the policy documents. 1.2.3. Organization system of forest environment lease policy in National Park: Government, Ministry of Agriculture and relevant Ministries, people’Committee of province, National Park. 1.2.4. The nature of forest environment lease policy in National Park: As a specific policy in forestry policy system, directly related to a specific object which is National Parks, but it is related to many other policies. Putting on real – life content of laws, state policies for forestry, forest socialization; Mobilizing the resources of society for forest protection and development, particularly attracting components of non-state organizations; Ensuring employees, who are directly involved in the production, can be paid for the creating value by themselves and inccordance with the true value of the forest; Improving capacity and effectiveness of management, forestuse and protection for forest owners; Exploiting the resources of forestry, forest environment (own resources) to develop new carriers in the economy (ecotourism). 1.3. Experience in developing and implementing forest environment lease policy in the world and Vietnam 1.3.1. Practical experience lessons in the world: Managing and developing consistent policy with National Park, combining state and private sectors in forest and land management, exploiting forest environment values in National Park, sustainable development of ecotourism in National Park, experience of valuable determination of forest environment services, development and completion of forest environment lease policy in National Park. 1.3.2. Practical experience lessons in Vietnam in perfecting forest environment lease policy in National Park: The National Parks of Vietnam have abundant natural resources, beautiful scenery, diversity of fauna and flora, combining with human ecotorism resources. Therefore,potential of ecotourism development is very great. At present, most of National Parks are having ecotourism business which is the first step to create the economic and social benefit. However, ecotourism in National Park ’have not been commensurated with the available potential while the nature of tourism development is spontaneous. With that existing problem, the policy of the state is to attract the various components of exploitation of forest environment service to enhance the forest value, looking for revenue sources for conservation, reduce the burden on the State. However, implementation is very difficult and having many problems. Many National Parks stop at programs and schemes because the activities are very new and in fact there is not much appreciated attention to have practical experiences. 1.3.3. Learned lessons in pefecting policy of forest environment lease: Through experience research in management of National Park, ecotourism activities, forest environment lease in Vietnam and the world, the dissertation drawn 14 research issues. Chapter 2 STATUS OF POLICY AND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREST ENVIRONMENT LEASE IN BA VI, TAM DAO, BEN EN NATIONAL PARKS 2.1. Overview of National park in the Northern Vietnam National Park in the northern region accounts for 50% of Vietnam’National Parks, diverse ecosystems, beautiful natural scenery, and rich human resources which having specific features of each regions. 2.2. Characteristics of Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Park which affecting policy implementation for forest environment rent and lease 2.2.1. History of research National Parks Ba Vi National Park was established on January 16th 1991, under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). Tam Dao National Park was established on January 24th 1977, under MARD on June 15th 1996. Ben En National Park was established on August 9th 1986, under MARD, this National Park was transferred to people’committee of Thanh Hoa province. 2.2.2. Status of land and tourism resources in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Parks: The research National Parks have a large area of land, huge ecosystem diversity, many beautiful natural sceneries, rich human travel resources. However, to exploit them to meet the development of tourism, it need to invest funds to build, develop and embellish these resources. 2.2.3. Evaluation of own potential exploitation for ecotourism development in Tam Dao, Ba Vi, Ben En National Parks: The National Park has great potential for ecotourism development through exploitation of the natural elements, biological diversity, natural lanscape and human tourism resources. However, the exploitation of this potential depends on many factors such as geographical location, the attractiveness of natural resources, diversification of tourism products, local policies, the seasonality of tourism, linkage in tourism organizations. 2.2.4. The basic activities in research National Parks: Main activities are Management of forest protection, development, exploitation and management activities. In reality, the National Parks focus primarily on operations of forest protection and development, management activities of one career units while other activities are not interested to develop, especially exploiting forest environment services to raise revenue for the Nati