Tóm tắt Luận án The evaluation of humanity tourism resource in Thua Thien - Hue province

INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of this research Tourism is growing rapidly, bringing high socio - economic and environmental efficiency of many countries in over the world. Tourism has become the key economic sector in Viet Nam thanks to divers and abundant tourism resource. The fact of tourism growth in our country shows that a proper and judicious evaluating and exploitating not only promote economic development but also contribute on conserving stable resource. Thua Thien - Hue (TTH) is one of the few regions which have divers and abundant tourism resources, especially the special and high humanity tourism resources. This is the land of history, culture, and the political, culture, economic center of our country in more than 3 centuries. Nowadays, TTH still remains many cultural heritages which feature for spirit and wisdom of Vietnamese race, becomes the precious heritage of the nation and one of its’ important part was recognized as a cultural heritage of the world. The fact is that the humanity tourism resource exploitation in over decade achieved many accomplishments but its' economic efficiency is still poor due to monotonous tourism products and mainly exploiting some resources belonging the Complex of Hue Monuments. Therefore, inventorying and evaluating tourism exploiting possibility for resource is necessary in order to have rational and more effective exploiting orientations and solutions in the future. That is the reasons for the author to choose the research project: “The evaluation of humanity tourism resource in Thua Thien - Hue province” for my Geography doctoral thesis. 2. Literature review In the world, the theoretical and practical issues of humanity tourism resource and evaluating them have been mentioned in many studies such as: Cultural resources for Tourism: Models, process and Policy, Myriam Jansen - Verbeke et el (2008); Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, UNESCO (2001); Sustainable Tourism Management , John Swarbrooke (2000), Linking communities tourism and conservation - A tourism assessment process, Elleen Guierrez, In Vietnam, the theories of humanity tourism resource has been mainly researched in geographical aspect with a special meaningful study: “Viet Nam tourism geography", Nguyen Minh Tue (chef editor, 2000). Many studies tend toward organizing tourism territory and evaluating tourism resource, including arranging humanity tourism resource in local and provincial scale. Humanity tourism resources in TTH are considered in many aspects: History, culture, architecture, art, religion, Plans on tourism development, assessment of tourism resources, plans on tourism territory, evaluation of cultural - historical relics, have been provided a lot of information and hints for the author. Generally, humanity tourism resources and evaluating them are interested and researched in many different aspects. However, evaluating comprehensively on humanity tourism resources of TTH according to tourism resource sites have not had anystudy researched systematically. 3. Research object and tasks 3.1. Research object The thesis aims to assess humanity tourism resources of Thua Thien - Hue province. Basing on the findings to propose recommendations on orientations and solutions to exploit effectively humanity tourism resources and satisfy sustainably growth requirements of TTH tourism in the future. 3.2. Research tasks - To review key theoretical and practical issues related to humanity tourism resources, evaluating humanity tourism resources to apply them to concrete conditions of the research area. - To identify suitable criteria to assess humanity tourism resources in TTH province; - To analyze characteristics of humanity tourism resources in TTH; - To evaluate humanity tourism resources sites of TTH for tourism development. - To analyze situation of exploiting humanity tourism resources in TTH. - To propose orientation of developing toward tourist sites, routes and solutions in order to exploit effectively humanity tourism resources in TTH in the future. 4. Research scope Content scope: - The thesis focus on inventorying, analyzing generally humanity tourism resources in TTH, including cultural - historical relics; festivals; objects related to ethnology; traditional craft villages; objects of cultural, sports and other awareness activities. - Comprehensive scale method is used to evaluate resrearch objects that are fixed space objects. Basing on resources inventory and to set off traditional specific values of TTH province, the thesis chooses resource sites to assess upon comprehensive scale. + Cultural - historical relics: The thesis assesses all of rated relics + Traditional craft villages: The thesis assesses traditional craft villages oriented on tourism developing, which is belong to Project “The plan on craft and craft village growth in TTH boundary to 2020 and orientation to 2025” and some traditional craft villages that are attractive for tourists at present. + Festivals, tourism subjects related to ethnology, cultural, sport and other awareness objects: The thesis assesses resources attracted to tourists. - The humanity tourism resource sites have comprehensive assessment consequence with medium level or more will be conducted to plan exploitation orientation by tourism sites and routes. Spatial scope: The thesis analyzes generally humanity tourism resources and evaluates humanity tourism resource sites within boundary of TTH’s territory, and plans orientation of exploiting them not only within space of the province but also linked to the neighboring provinces. Time scope: The thesis evaluates humanity tourism resources of TTH at present, studies on situation of tourism growth and exploities humanity tourism resources of TTH in the period of 2000 - 2013 and proposes orientations, solutions to exploit effectively resources till 2030. 5. Research approaches and methods - The five research approaches were used as follows: synthetic, systematic, spatial, historical - perspective and sustainable development - The following methods were applied: secondary data collection; survay research; expertise; statistics; field trip; map-GIS; SWOT analysis 6. Contributions and New Findings - Having contributed to clarify the theory of humanity tourism resources and humanity tourism resources assessment, on that basis, the thesis have established procedure, theory framework to assess them. - Having introduced system of criteria, indicators and weights of criteria for evaluating humanity tourism resources. - Having set off the value of humanity tourism resources in TTH and spatial differentiation of resources; identifing capacity of exploiting humanity tourism resources of the province to base for constructing orientation to exploit resources to offer tourism development more suitably. - Analyzed the advantages and difficulties of exploiting humanity tourism resources in TTH under the view of state administration agencies (management sector), tourism companies and tourists - Having proposed some orientations and solutions in order to exploit effectively resources to promote tourism development in TTH untill 2030. 7. Research structure Apart from the introduction and conclusions, references and appendices, the content of the thesis consists of three chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical background of evaluating humanity tourism resources. Chapter 2: Humanity tourism resources and evaluating humanity tourism resources in Thua Thien - Hue. Chapter 3: Orientations and solutions to exploit effectively humanity tourism resources in Thua Thien - Hue CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BACKGROUND OF EVALUATING HUMANITY TOURISM RESOURCES 1.1. Theoretical background 1.1.1. Some basis concepts - Tourism means activities connected with trips taken by people outside their habitual residences aimed at satisfying their needs for sightseeing, study, leisure or recreation in a certain period of time - Tourists means a person who travels for either tourism or for other purposes combined with tourism, except for those who go to study, work or practice their professions to get paid at the places of destination - Tourist product means a combination of necessary services provided in order to meet the needs of tourists during a trip - Tourism types is a set of tourist products having the same identities of needs, motives, customers, distributing wa , organizing way, cost,... - Tourism resources means natural landscapes, natural elements, historical or cultural relics, works of creative human labor or humanity values which can be utilized to meet tourist needs and constitute a fundamental factor to form tourist resorts, tourist spots, tourist routes or tourist cities - Tourist site and tourism resource site: Tourism resource site considered as places that have some types of tourism resources. Tourist spot are places that are attractive tourism resources and being exploited to offer tourists’ visit needs. 1.1.2 Humanity tourism resources 1.1.2.1. Definition: Humanity tourism resource includes cultural traditions and factors, folk art, historical relics, revolutions, archeological works, architectures, labour works of human creativities and the other intangible and tangible cultural heritages, can be used for tourism purposes. 1.1.2.2. Characteristic: Humanity tourism resources have the following characteristics: Universality; specificity; diversity and abundance; tangible and intangible valuation; difference in exploiting time; restorableness, changeability and creatability; centralization and accessibility; more cognitive than entertaining and resting. 1.1.2.3. Classify: Humanity tourism resources are divided into following groups: Cultural - historical relics, festivals, subbject sassociated ethnology, traditional craft villages, other cultural, sport objects and awareness activities. Also, humanis recognized with the honour equivalent with the value levels of world, nation.). 1.1.3. Evaluating humanity tourism resources 1.1.3.1. Approaches of evaluating humanity tourism resources Evaluation orientations: Quantities and qualitative Evaluation process: There are 3 steps: building evaluation scale, conducting evaluation and assessting consequence 1.1.3.2. Criteria and indicators to assess humanity tourism resources * Choosing criteria: There are 6 criteria used to evaluate humanity tourism resources to apply to TTH provinces as follows: Attractiveness, accessibility, connectiveness, conservation level, exploitation time and tourist carrying capacity. Grade level indicators: Humanity tourism resource sites are assessed into five level as follows Table 1.1. Grade assessment criteria of humanity tourism resources Criteria Grade level 1. Attractiveness Very attractive Attractive Medium Less attractive Unattractive Tourism resource rank and famous level toward tourist. The tourism resource placesthat its’ reputation and value exceed over Vietnamese territory, are well-known in over the world or are world-ranked level and dosmeticallywellknown. - Tourism resource placesare ranked from special nation- rank updown and its’ reputation , value is wellknow in the coutry ; or are world-ranked and wellknown in the province. -Tourism resource places which have not been ranked are considered attractive if the reputation and value are dosmetically wellknown - Tourism resource sites are world-ranked but their reputation and value is just well- known by local tourists or districted tourists or tourists of neighbor districs; -For unranked resource sites, their reputation and value must be well-known by provincial tourists. Tourism resource sites are nationally ranked but their reputation and value are just well-known by local tourists; or resource sites are nationally ranked and their reputation and value are well-known by districted tourists or tourist of neighbor districts For unranked resource sites, their reputation and value must be well-known by local tourists. Tourism resource sites are nationally ranked or povincially ranked but their reputation and value are well-known by local tourists; or resource sites are princially ranked and their reputation and value are well-known by districted tourists or tourist of neighbor districts For unranked resource sites, their reputation and value are just well-known by local tourists. 2. Accessibility Very advantageous Advantageous Medium Less advantageous Disadvantageous - Distance Very near Near Medium Far Very far From resource sites to provincial administration center Under 10kms Form 10 – 30 kms Form 30 – 50 kms Form 50 – 70 kms More than 70kms - Vehicles Very many Many Medium few Very few Number of vehicles 5 55 verhicles 4 verhicles 3 verhicles 2 Verhicles 1 Verhicle - Quality of road Very good Good Medium Bad Bery bad Percent of roads with asphalt 100% Form 90-100% Form 80-90% Form 70-80% <70% - Approach time Very short Short Medium Long Very long Average time to travel from the center to resource sites < 30 minutes From 30-60 minutes From 60-90 minutes From 90-120 minutes < 120 minutes 3. Connectiveness Very good Good Medium Bad Bery bad Number of vicinal resource locatons ≥ 5 sites 4 sites 3 sites 2 sites 1 sites 4. Conservation level Very high High Medium low Very low Status of works or Situation of craft village work Intact or nearly intact resource; craft villages are in good operation Quiet intact resource and they still remain their genius and identities Some geniuses and identities of resources are losing; craft villages operate perfunctorily Most of geniuses and identities of resources are losing ; craft villages almost not operate and are in danger of losing Which almost unexist or unexist in the field or are lost (for the craft) 5. Tourist carrying capacity Very large Large Medium Low Very low Number of arivals that can be receive a day ≥ 500 person/day From 300-500 person/day Form 200-300 person/day Form 100-200 person/day Under 100 Person/day 6. Exploitation time Very long Long Medium Short Very short Number of day to organize tourism activities ≥ 250 days/year 200-250 days/year Form 150-200 days/year Form 100-150 people/day days/year Under 100 days/year * Weights: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of criteria through 8 experts’ review. Consequently, the weights of criteria are listed as follows: Attractiveness - 0,32; Accessibility - 0,19; Connectiveness - 0,13; Conservation level - 0,22; Tourist carrying capacity - 0,06 and Exploitation time - 0,08. * Partial and synthetic assessment ladder - Every criteria is divided into 5 levels with the equivalent score from the top down is 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. - The consequence of humanity tourism resource assessment is divided into five classes equavelent with exploitation capacity of very high, high, medium, low, very low. 1.2. Practical backgrounds The implementation practice of humanity tourism resources evaluation in the world: Organizations and nations in the world such as Egypt, Canada, Romani, Philippines, Cambodia, are very interested in humanity tourism resources assessment for preservation, exploitation for tourism development and planning. UNESCO is the most prestigious organization and brings global value for resources with world cultural heritages and other hornourable names as intangible cultural heritages of human and world document heritages. Besides, international organizations and websites such as New Open World Corporation (NOWC), CNN travel,... assess resources according to votes for world wonder, tasty foods, basing on opinions of tourist and the people. The implementation practice of humanity tourism resources evaluation in Vietnam: Assessment to rate resources value has been carried out on a nation scale and in the provinces and cities to base serve as base for resources preservation and promotion for tourism. In the tourism development plans and strategies for country, regions and areas, humanity tourism resources inventory and assessment are the growth power which base for building orientations and solutions of tourism. Some issues of humanity tourism resources assessment: Resources assessment bases for planning tourism development, building steering overviews and principles for tourism inventory, assessment and management, establishing professional research organizations of assessment and prioritized investment in resources exploitation, promoting resources value associated with preservation, coordination between administration agencies and local community in resources management, exploitation and preservation CHAPTER 2: HUMANITY TOURISM RESOURCES AND EVALUATION OF HUMANITY TOURISM RESOURCES IN THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE 2.1. Introduction on Thua Thien - Hue 2.1.1. Location and territory Thua Thien Hue locates in the center of the most wealthy world heritage region of our country with area of 5.033,2ha. The geographic situation benefits for TTH to be approached and connect with international tourism routes and nations by land, airline, waterways and railways. 2.1.2. Natural condition 2.1.2.1. Topography: The diverseterrains of mountain, hill, plain, lagoon, sea has create precondition for diversifying tourism types. However, the geographic situation also causes some difficulties for construction of technological infrastructures and facilities for tourism . 2.1.2.2. Climate: TTH has a quiet cold winter, a hot summer undertaked the influence of “Lao wind” (foehn wind in central of Viet Nam). The annual rainfall is high with great rainy days and frequent floods. Generally, the climate of TTH has less advangtages for outdoor ctivities, rest, especially in the rainy season. 2.1.2.3. Hydrological network: Hydrological network in TTH has elements sufficiently: Rivers and streams; pools, lakes, lagoons... which not only provide water for tourism activities and landscape but also have function of curing. 2.1.2.4. Biology: The ecosystem in TTH is various. Creature of TTH is both specific tourism resources and food provider which offer the needs of enjoying fresh and special food of tourists. 2.1.3. Socio-economic condition 2.1.3.1. Scale, structure and growth of GDP: GDP scale of TTH has grown rapidly, shifted toward industrialization-mordenization and had significantly serviced focusing. The situation of economic growth contributes to promote the development of tourism: Stimulating needs, expanding tourism market and increasing capacity to satisfy tourist’s needs. 2.1.3.2. Infrastructure: Infrastructure system in TTH has been completed to contribute to strengthen living quality of the people and create advantages for tourism growth. 2.1.3.2. Population and labour resources: Population of TTH is 1,12 millions with 6 ethnic groups in 2013. These ethnic groups have special traditional culture which can be exploited for tourism growth. Hard - working and profuse labour resources of TTH also benifits for tourism growth. 2.1.3.3. Urban network: Urban system in TTH disputs rationally and develops rapidly to create advantageous condition to approach and connect tourism resource sites together. Urban system also provides technological facility systems, services for tourism activity. 2.1.3.4. Policy, institution and capital: Policies and institutions are suitable and comfortable to facilitate to attract capital and promote tourism growth. However, the limitation of administration causes some difficulties for interprises and using capital is not very effectively. 2.1.3.5. Territory development and exploitation history: TTH concentrates many briliant cultures, was a polistic center for more 3 centuries which left diverse and specific cultural heritages in TTH territory. 2.2. Humanity tourism resources in ThuaThien Hue 2.2.