Tóm tắt Luận án The factors affecting the sustainable development of Bac Lieu fisheries enterprises

1 CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF FISHERIES ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE AND RESEARCH ISSUES OF THE THESIS 1.1 Introduction In Vietnam, as in many other developing countries, enterprises play an important role in economic and social development of the country. With a view of enterprises development as a long term strategy, consistency and transparency in the government’s action program, enterprises development policies are considered to contribute to enhance competitiveness, which play an important role in jobs offering, poverty reduction and social welfare work implementation. Currently, most of enterprises in Vietnam are of small and medium-sized enterprises accounting for over 97% of enterprises in the whole country (Department of Business Development, the Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2011). Thus, considering the nature and the factors affecting sustainable development is now a research problem of the thesis. First, assess the overall situation of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu and draw a number of reasons, limitation of fisheries enterprises development; Second, learn some of the issues of research, gaps of research, research objectives and research questions, research methods; Finally, discuss the results, new contribution and structure of the thesis. 1.2 The urgency and gaps of the research Vietnamese seafood enterprises play an important role in the economic development of the country. The size of the fisheries business is expanding and its role has increased constantly in the national economy. Fisheries business is a particular sector from production, processing and export sectors including activities of industrial properties, agricultural, trade and services, structured into a unified system closely related to each other. Currently, there are many research projects related to sustainable development typically, Kris Law (2010) brings research results of factors affecting sustainable development: The technology company having high production in Taiwan shows that companies producing high technology promote positive recognition of the impact of sustainable development factors from management, internal and external factors. However, according to Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011), the integration of sustainable business linkages between external influences and decisive progress towards sustainable development allows organizations of internal restrictions, sustainability practices and performance. By 2013, a typical research project on sustainable development of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia: A framework for analysis, the results of resolving the relationship between the sustainable development of enterprises from internal and external factors (Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak, 2013), is considered as one of the most basic theoretical framework that the authors have studied in the past. This framework is not concerned about the enterprise’s responsibility of products, the prevention of pollution within the enterprise, and this framework is not interested in market factors and social welfare of the enterprise, business enterprises are responsible to the communities in which businesses are operating. Therefore, the results of research solve some problems of limited theoretical framework and improve the operation of businesses towards sustainable development. The need for a theoretical framework analysis of factors affect the sustainable development of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry 2 Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) and must be added to the model of sustainable development theory and application of this test model in a specific local area in the Mekong delta. It is also a gap of theoretical framework needed to invest in research, and the integration with development situation analysis fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu has drawn elements to characterize fisheries enterprises, and consistent with the theoretical framework of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013). 1.3 Overview of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu 1.3.1 The development of the fisheries enterprises The area of exports seafood processing enterprises is the main force of Bac Lieu Province. The number of this enterprises sector accounts for 16.6% compared to the total number of provincial enterprises in 2013 with 1,318 enterprises. Therefore, the Bac Lieu provincial governments are interested in supporting for the activities of the fisheries. 1.3.2 Contribution situation of fisheries enterprises on social and economic development in Bac Lieu 1.3.2.1 Enterprises’ export seafood production According to the Seafood Production Association of Vietnam (VASEP), 2013, the total seafood export turnover in Vietnam is estimated at $ 6.5 billion. In some local areas, there is the number of large shrimp processing factories in the country such as Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, ... Shrimp exports have more positive changes. Exports production of Bac Lieu Province has two major commodities such as rice and frozen seafood. That shows a steady increase over the years, the export volume in 2009 reached 90.340 tons, in which the export volume of frozen seafood reached 20.340 tons; 105.861 tons of export volume in 2013, in which the export volume of frozen seafood reached 35.515 tons. 1.3.2.2 Enterprises’ seafood export value In recent years, the economic experts have identified as the year in which the seafood processing business have more difficulties, not only on capital, interest rates, but also the challenges of processing ingredients. However, seafood exports account for a very high percentage compared to agricultural products, expressed the value of exports increased steadily as in 2009, seafood export business increased to 151.680.000 USD in 2013, amounted to 376.512.000 USD (table 1.3). 1.3.3 The causes of fisheries enterprises development limitation in Bac Lieu On the basis of overview evaluation of seafood business development in Bac Lieu province, it draws some reason and limitations such as customer elements; market trend; lack of stakeholder needs; policy issues of state support; social security issues; workforce; The manager/owner; Product liability; environmental pollution prevention; fisheries enterprise development in Bac Lieu. 1.4 Research issues of the thesis Sustainable development is a fundamental concept in business management through its association with a competitive advantage. Significant progress has been made in this field in recent years, including the move from a narrow definition of sustainability of competitive advantage based on economic performance superior to a recognized the importance of making a connection with the economic impact, social and business environment (Harrison, Bosse, & Phillips, 2010). This has been debated from the perspective of sustainable development theory from the business stakeholders, which 3 defines the main purpose and objective of the business as part of a network of stakeholders affected by the setting and the business objectives (Freeman, 1984). However, today, there are many scientific research projects in the field of sustainable development of enterprises. Nevertheless, the author will expand new research as looking at the factors affecting sustainable development. Therefore, sustainable development is now a new problem in Vietnam and in relation to the scale, production and business areas of the business should be very broad, it needs a more in-depth research and narrows at each production and business sectors, research student choose the topic "the factors affecting the sustainable development of Bac Lieu fisheries enterprises" to do his doctoral thesis. 1.4.1 Research objectives and research questions - Research objectives: (1) Identify the factors that affect the sustainable development of enterprises; (2) Determine the theoretical models and test models for sustainable development of enterprises; (3) Determine the implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu - Research questions: To address the research objectives, the thesis was done by answering the following research questions: (1) Considering the factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises? (2) What is the appropriate theoretical model for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu? (3) What factors should fisheries enterprises concern for sustainable development? 1.4.2 The scope and objects of the research - The research scope of the thesis was seafood enterprises operating in the province of Bac Lieu. - The objects of the dissertation research are inside and outside elements affecting sustainable development of seafood enterprises in Bac Lieu province. - The respondents are managers of the seafood enterprises operating in the province of Bac Lieu. 1.4.3 Research Methodology 1.4.3.1 The basis of data collection The thesis uses primary and secondary data sources to serve the research process. 1.4.3.2 Research Methodology The methodology used in this thesis is combined with qualitative and quantitative methods. 1.5 The results discussion and new contributions of the thesis - The new contributions for social security elements are added to the group of factors outside the enterprise, to expand social security from the perspective of the concept into sustainable development scale. - Discover new inside and outside elements impact directly to the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises. These elements can serve as a basis for research topics related to sustainable development of enterprises operating in each different business areas. - The thesis has practical contribution to sustainable development of fisheries enterprises, through the implications for sustainable development of aquaculture enterprises Bac Lieu province in line with research findings. 4 - The results of the thesis are used as references for researchers in the field of sustainable development of enterprises in many different fields in Vietnam. 1.6 The structure of the thesis This thesis is divided into 5 chapters with the main content of each chapter as follows: Chapter 1: Overview situation of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu and research issues of the thesis. Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations and proposed theoretical model of sustainable development for businesses. Chapter 3: Study design. Chapter 4: Results of the study. Chapter 5: Conclusions and implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu. CHAPTER 2 THEORY AND THEORY MODEL FOR FISHERIES ENTERPRISES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BAC LIEU 2.1 Introduction In Chapter 2, the graduate student facilities system-related theories of enterprises sustainable development to establish a theoretical model for research proposal. 2.2 The concept of sustainable development The concept of sustainable development was popularized in 1987 by the Brundtland Commission's Report on the World Comission of Environment and Development - WCED (now known as the Brundtland Commission). This report concepts: sustainable development as "development can meet the current needs without compromising, harming the ability to meet the needs of future generations". The concept of sustainable development is approached foreign and domestic shows sustainable development concept at the macro level of a country, specifically table below Table: Comparison of traditional development and sustainable development at the macro level Explanation Traditional development Sustainable development Objectives - Economic efficiency - Appropriate technology - To fully exploit the resources Long-term and stable development needs to solve 3 main problems: - Economic sustainable development - Social sustainable development - Environmental sustainable development Effectiveness - Environmental degradation and depletion - Gaps between the rich and poor, segregation in education - Stable economic growth - Environmental protection - Social justice Source: compiled from research by Valentine and Spangenberg (2000), McWilliams & Siegel (2001), Becker (2005) and Le World et al (2010), Nguyen Ngoc Tran (2011), Nguyen Sinh Cuc (2012). In short, in view of the authors recommend: sustainable development is scientific and sustainable development activities not only focus on economic efficiency that contribute to environmental protection, solving economic harmony towards a new social and sustainable development. From the concept of sustainable development at the macro level and consistent business principles of sustainable development, we aim to learn the concept of sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprises. 2.3 The principles of sustainable development concept in line with the sustainable development of enterprises 5 Enterprises increasingly contribute very significantly to the sustainable development of society for many decades, efforts to achieve sustainable development can be seen even on the micro level businesses, once the business has decided to sustainable development than pure profit, now refers to business efficiency not only in terms of service, product production and profits , but also the effects on the human social aspects (Lilia Dvorakova, Jitka Zborkova, 2014). Hence, it is necessary to make a change in the traditional approach switch to approach sustainable development trends. Since then, research students learn concepts towards sustainable development of enterprises. 2.4 The concept of sustainable development of enterprises Generalizing some concepts of enterprise development and towards the concept of sustainable development is now reflected in the following: First, the concept of enterprises development Atiqur Rahman Khan (2004) suggests that enterprise development is affecting the growth of the business: lack of skills at all levels, lack of industrial organization, the limited size of the market and low speed growth, lack of proper and constructive policies, poor technological level. Jahangir Khan H. (2012) The development of enterprises is the approach combining elements including: business, financial support, appropriate policy and institutional linkages, appropriate technologies and relationships market/demand for the product. Second, the concept of sustainable development of enterprises According to Richard N. Andrews (2003), "A sustainable business is a business that adds value for shareholders by contributing more than competitors and become the criteria for a sustainable business. Contribution to sustainable development from the economic component elements, provide and improve. "According to Bradley D. Parrish (2005); Sustainable development can now be defined as an organization that contributes to sustainable development, where "sustainability" is understood as a human future and "development" is understood as a quality improvement in the human condition. As Jim says Schorr (2006), Parrish (2007), QU Feng Geng (2007); Kris Law (2010) study of factors affecting the sustainable development of high-tech producing companies in Taiwan. Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011); Integrated concept of sustainable development is now the link between external influences and internal limitations, the drivers decided to sustainability, allowing basic organization, sustainable and efficient practices. The Dow Jones Sustainability World (DJSI) of Acharya & SUDIPTA Prabodha C. Das (2013); Sustainable development is the ability of the business to prosper in a global business environment and changing super competitive. Research of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) also provides the theoretical model of sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Australia, resulting in groups of two internal and external factors. Thus, in contrast to the narrow views, the views of traditional enterprise development describes the relationship of input - output linear focused solely on maximizing short-term economic value, appeared a new approach to integrate sustainable development now have a more comprehensive and long-term view. Sustainable development can now act as a tool to facilitate the the traditional to the modern transformation. Table 2.2: Comparison of traditional enterprise development and sustainable development of enterprises 6 Explanation Traditional enterprises development Sustainable enterprises development Objectives - To fully exploit the resources - Business performance - Final profit - Sustainability is the ultimate goal of enterprise development - Social Responsibility - Responsibility for the environment Effectiveness - Business efficiency is final - Profit is the main - Stable and sustainable growth - Protecting the environment - Social Community is concerned Source: compiled from research Khan Atiqur Rahman (2004), Jahangir Khan H. (2012) and Richard N. Andrews (2003), Bradley D. Parrish (2005), Parrish (2007), Kris Law (2010), Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011), Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013). In view of the fellows on sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprise, it is recommended as follows: "Sustainable development is the ability to solve business relationships by environmental internal and external factors affecting corporate sustainable development ". It is aimed to apply the concept of sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprise in the research field of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu province. 2.5 The approach of theoretical models for enterprises sustainable development From relationships to balance the theoretical model of sustainable development, it is drawn from three theoretical models of sustainable development as follows. 2.5.1 The theoretical model of factors affecting the sustainable development of high technology producing enterprises in Taiwan Kris Law (2010) proposes theoretical models and research results of factors affecting the sustainable development of the enterprise: The high technology producing enterprise in Taiwan. The results show that high technology producing companies promote positive recognition of the factors affecting the sustainable development of management, internal and external enterprise while management / business owners feel the level of sustainable development at a reasonable level. However, this theoretical model focuses on the study of high-tech enterprises in Taiwan, if applying this model to study the regional businesses in the Mekong Delta or in a local business in the area is not suitable. By enterprises in the provinces in the region concentrate production, sales of some products of seafood processing for export, ... When applying theoretical models of sustainable development production high technology enterprises in Taiwan will not be suitable for sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu province. However, some internal and external factors can fit to study sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu province. Thus, the study aims to learn theoretical models. 5.2.2 Unified theoretical model of the performance of the organization affecting the enterprises sustainable development Studies and recommendations on theoretical models of Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011) has studied inheritance patter