Luận án Applying ho chi minh’s diplomacy method to the cause of current national construction and defense at present

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS NGUYEN THI MINH THUY APPLYING HO CHI MINH’S DIPLOMACY METHOD TO THE CAUSE OF CURRENT NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AND DEFENSE AT PRESENT SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS MAJOR: HO CHI MINH STUDIES CODE: 62 31 02 04 HANOI 2017 This thesis is completed at the HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS Supervisor: 1. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Minh Truong 2. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Doan Thi Chin Reviewer 1: . Reviewer 2: . Reviewer 3: . The thesis will be defended in front of Thesis Committee at Academy level, at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Athour.date..month.year The thesis can be found at the National Library and the Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Pol 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The necessary of the thesis In Ho Chi Minh Ideology, there is a creative, unique and consistent diplomacy method that has greatly contributed to the achievements in Vietnam’s diplomacy in the last 80 years. It can be concluded that under the command of the Communist Party of Vietnam and President Ho Chi Minh the diplomacy has increasingly developed along with the evolution of the whole country, significantly contributing to achievements of Vietnam. Together with the development of the country, diplomacy has been more and more advanced and developed, becoming an important part in the overall power of the country so as to implement “a prosperous people, a strong nation, an equitable, democratic and civilized society” Maintaining and developing traditions in foreign affairs to build and protect the country, the Communist Party of Vietnam has applied Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to set the guidelines and command the foreign affairs to create peaceful, sustainable and advantageous atmosphere to develop the country’s economy, culture, society etc. In the recent situation, doing researches on Ho Chi Minh ideology in general and on Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method in particular is still regarded as an important mission of the Communist Party of Vietnam. However, the result of applying them retains some certain drawbacks which need to be improved in the new era. In this stage of evolution, Vietnam is stimulating industrialization, modernization and international integration, together with tactical planning to the cause of current national construction and defense in the era that there are unexpected upheavals around the world. In the Asia-Pacific region, in recent years, issues on sovereignty disputes over the East Sea among countries in the region in general and between China and Vietnam in particular are under threat. Also, hostile forces insist on carrying out the tactic “peaceful evolution” to do harms to our political system and overthrow the government. In fact, what is really important is protecting the sacred sovereignty of the country and diplomacy has been and is one of the most important fronts. Thus, doing researches and creatively applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method, which have meanings in both scientific and practical aspects, are the foundation for the Communist Party to make use of foreign resources, 2 combining with our country’s potentials to make progress in the cause of national construction and defense. For all the reasons above, the author chose “Applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to the cause of current national construction and defense at present” as the doctoral thesis 2. Purposes and tasks of the thesis 2.1. Purposes of the research This doctoral thesis is aimed to apply Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to set the foreign policy guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam in current times, meeting the demands of the cause of national construction and defense. 2.2. Tasks of the research - Explaining basic concepts in the thesis; - Giving detailed information about Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method; - Giving information about the process of the Communist Party of Vietnam applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method in the last 30 years of the reform process (1986 - 2016); - Assessing the achievements and experience that the Communist Party have had while implementing the methods in the reform process; - Analyzing the current development tendencies of the world and the region, assessing the achievements and arising problems of the national construction and defense based on Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method; - Proposing the idea that the Communist Party should continue creatively applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to set and implement guidelines and command foreign affairs to cope with problems in the process of national construction and defense. 3. Subjects and scope of the research 3.1. Subjects of the research Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method; applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to the cause of national construction and defense. 3.2. Scope of the research - Content: the thesis focuses on researching on some of Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method. Meanwhile, it also researches on how the Communist Party has applied it in the process of Vietnamese revolution, especially in the reform process; 3 - Time: The entire process of establishment and development of Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method between 1945 - 1969; how the Communist Party has applied it, especially since 1986. 4. The rationale and research methods Based on methodology of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, the author applies the general methods, interdisciplinary methods and disciplinary methods as follows: combining logical methods with historical methods; and other methods such as analysis, synthesis; statistics, quantitative, qualitative, comparative law, textbooks, behavior studies, interviews. 5. New scientific and practical contributions of the thesis - The thesis further clarify the content of Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method and the applying of the Communist Party to implement foreign affairs in the process of national construction and defense; - Proposing the idea that the Communist Party should continue creatively applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to cope with problems in the process of national construction and defense. 6. The scientific and practical meanings of the thesis - Being references for research institutes, graduate and postgraduate institutes whose major are political science, social sciences and humanities. - Applying to hold seminars for graduates and postgraduates for those who are majoring in Ho Chi Minh studies of Department of Ho Chi Minh Ideology at the Academy of Journalism and Propaganda. 7. Structure of the thesis Apart from the Opening and Conclusion, the thesis consists of 4 chapters and 9 lessons, presenting the research and references. 4 Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1. THE RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THESIS Since 1990s, researches on Ho Chi Minh Ideology in general and on Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method have been promoted and, therefore, a lot of achievements have been gained. In fact, foreign affairs are the concern of many individuals and organizations. Researching on “applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to the cause of national construction and defense”, the author encountered the following typical scientific works: Firstly, those related to Ho Chi Minh Ideology and Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method Secondly, those related to applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to the cause of national construction and defense 1.2. ASSESSMENT OF RESEARCH AND UNSOLVED PROBLEMS CLARIFIED IN THE THESIS 1.2.1. Aforementioned problems The scientific works that this thesis has analyzed and mentioned a few of aspects which postgraduates intended to research on such as definition of diplomacy, foreign affairs, diplomatic methods, Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method; those researching on a few of diplomatic methods (but insufficient); problems related to how the Communist Party has applied the methods in each period of evolution to set foreign policies and diplomatic methods; future diplomatic methods. - None of the above scientific works has been deeply researched and systematically clarified about Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method in order to apply to the cause of national construction and defense. Recently, there have been complex situations with underlying upheavals in the world and in the region, especially issues on sovereignty disputes over the East Sea, which directly influence the cause of national construction and defense. Therefore, applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to the cause of current national construction and defense - the research the author intends to present with the view to further contributing to the results that previous scientific works have 5 achieved. The research will be practical in both theory and practicality about foreign affairs 1.2.2. Unsolved problems clarified in the thesis From the overall about the thesis, the researcher focuses on the following issues: - Content of Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method which are: “with immutability, change”; “win step by step”; “add you less enemies”; taking advantage of conflicts within enemies in foreign fight; predicting situations and taking chances, “heart foreign policy”, combining political fight, military and diplomacy,” just hit and talk”, maximizing the potential power; making use of foreign resources, combining national strength with the power of the times to beat the enemy. - How the Communist Party applied and creatively develop Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method in the reform era, including: + The Communist Party applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to set guidelines and diplomatic methods in the era of globalization and integration. + The Communist Party analyzing and assessing the achievements and experience from the foreign policies in the reform process. - Continuing to enhance the effectiveness in foreign affairs according to Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method in the cause of current national construction and defense. Summary of chapter 1 Upon commanding the Vietnamese revolution, in terms of diplomacy, president Ho Chi Minh gained a lot of precious achievements. Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method were an important part of Ho Chi Minh Ideology in Vietnamese revolution, being a system of ideologies about foreign relations, foreign policies and diplomatic methods of the Communist Party and our nation, being the positive results of applying and creatively developing Marxist-Leninist Philosophy and foreign relation science into Vietnam’s situation. Ideologies about diplomacy contains methods, styles and art of diplomacy, being a “torch” to light up the way to foreign affairs of the Communist Party and our nation in the era. Noticing the importance of Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method in the cause of current national construction and defense, the author chose it to research. After 6 analyzing other scientific works of different researchers, the author concluded that there were a considerable number of scientific works about Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method. Some books mentioned Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method and the applying of them in the current reform process. However, it can be seen that there have not been any scientific works that fully described and researched on applying Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method to the cause of current national construction and defense. Meawhile, there are complex situations with underlying unpredictable upheavals which have direct impact on the cause of current national construction and defense. To sum up, the author has made a lot of efforts to collect materials and assess related scientific works. This is what defines the research scope and is an important source of information for postgraduate to conduct, learn and develop the research, completing the thesis. Chapter 2 THE CONTENT OF HO CHI MINH’S DIPLOMACY METHOD 2.1. SOME DEFINITIONS 2.1.1. Definition of diplomacy Foreign affairs and diplomacy are two different definitions though they have close relations to each other. Foreign affairs are all the targets, missions, guidelines, priciples, mottos and solutions that a nation implements in the relation with other countries or other entities in the international community in order to serve the benefits of the nation. Along with foreign affairs, diplomacy is a wide field to research, whose definition proposed by scientists long ago, and there are now many ways of knowing what “diplomacy” is. As a result, there are definitions of diplomacy. From the aforementioned perspectives, there can be some conclusions about diplomacy: it is the activities of a nation in foreign affairs, the most important tool to implement a nation’s diplomatic methods; it is all the specific offices of foreign affairs at national and international level as well as officers who are responsible for national foreign affairs; it is the job of diplomats; it is a science and an art, most importantly the modern business negotiation; and it has class attributes 7 2.1.2. Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method It is possible to state that: Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method are an inportant part of Ho Chi Minh ideology of diplomacy, including a system of different manners and procedures of coping with important issues in foreign relations so as to successfully achieve targets and political missions of Vietnamese revolution. Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method are inconsistent with his viewpoint in the actions of foreign relations, but they rely on that to suitably find the solution to certain situations. To get a purpose in diplomacy, methods are needed. Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method are a typical part in Ho Chi Minh ideology of diplomacy, contributing to the identity of Vietnam’s diplomacy in Ho Chi Minh times. 2.2. HO CHI MINH’S DIPLOMACY METHOD 2.2.1. With immutability, change “With immutability, change” is not only a motto but also a method which has principles in Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy. This method comes from Eastern philosophical thinking “constant change, change the variable”, or take the unchanged to react to the changes happening later. Ho Chi Minh harmoniously combined Eastern philosophy and Marxist materialist dialectics. The “unchanged” thing in Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy method is the benefit of the nation, the purpose of national liberation, reunification of the nation, the thinking of revolution of the nation, forwarding socialism under the command of the Communist Party. This is the thread through the Red Fox the whole struggle on different fronts, especially in foreign fight in Ho Chi Minh times. The diplomatic method “With immutability, change” is the one that Ho Chi Minh used flexibly and successfully in many situations and events which are related to the methodology in his actions of foreign relations, contributing to the fact that Vietnamese diplomacy is more advanced and developed to change the battle and make the whole battle inclined to be better for us. “With immutability, change” is not only a working motto but also the nature of Ho Chi Minh dialectic which helps handle any problem flexibly and effectively. 2.2.2. “Win step by step” Winning step by step is one of the methods that the Communist Party of Vietnam implemented in the revolution, as well as the method and art in Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy. This method was most clearly exposed when rising to power, liberating the nation and defending the Motherland. 8 This foreign policy wass a suitably creative one when against a mighty power with skilled army in enormous numbers equipped with advanced weapons. Clearly understanding of this method and taking good chances led to the fact that the enemy was weakened, and eventually the invaders lost all their desires. That was a success in the command of strategies and tactics “Knowing people knows me”. In each period of revolution, to beat the enemy’s intentions and means, the Communist Party, based on objective, scientific assessment and analysis to set the goals and missions suitably. As the command, the whole community and the army continuously fought against the enemy, taking good chances of beating the strategies of the enemy. The experience, especially the Ho Chi Minh’s art of diplomacy was of great value throughout the revolution. 2.2.3. “Add you less enemies” Ho Chi Minh would lead the revolution of Vietnam to the direction of the world’s, taking the most advantage of the situation, promoting the harmonious foreign relations, making independence, which is the basic diplomacy principle of Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy, the priority. This method is only implemented with the exact conflicts. From that revolutionists can identify their missions and the main forces of the revolution. This method can be considered to have the following contents: - To be successful with this method, revolutionists should know how to take the most advantage of conflicts within the enemy, which Ho Chi Minh had taken serious actions about. - When using this method, revolutionists had to know how to compromise and not to be aggressive in order to maintain the potentials and make more allies. - To “add you less enemies”, Ho Chi Minh clearly differentiated between peace-lovers and aggressive reactionists, and noticed conflicts in the enemy’s ruling class. - To “add you less enemies”, Ho Chi Minh was ready to forgive traitors 2.2.4. Taking advantage of conflicts within the enemy This method was one of the most important one in Ho Chi Minh’s diplomacy. He learned the viewpoints of conflicts and taking advantage of those within the enemy from outstanding Marxist-Leninist philosophy people and creatively applied and developed it in national foreign affairs. 9 This was not only a strategy but also the art in diplomatic fight. Also, this was of great creativity of Ho Chi Minh that brought a great victory for the revolution of Vietnam. 2.2.5. Predicting situations and taking chances This was a method that showed Ho Chi Minh’s ability to predict the situations and foresee the development tendency of them. Not every diplomatist acquired this. This method focused on four things: - Perfect and systematic assessment of the world and our nation, of ourselves and the enemy, the dialectic relations among related and influencing factors towards the revolution of Vietnam and both side diplomacies. - Analysis of the emergence of new powers, of conflicts among central powers and their counterparts to predict the direction of foreign relations and Vietnam’s diplomacy. - Analysis of which side had the advantage and the direction of the situation to predict the possibilities, the moments and the chances of the revolution and establish the foreign relations. - Activeness in prepare forces to take chances to beat the enemy. Along with the precise prediction of revolution chances, President Ho Chi Minh was always active in preparing forces, taking advantage of foreign situations, dealing with difficulties step by step, overcoming challenges to make the battle easier for us, contributing the the victory of the revolution. This method took advantage of the situations and minimized the difficulties of them to implement foreign affairs to beat the enemy with “taking the lead in terms of strategic thinking and diplomatic guidelines. 2.2.6. “Heart” diplomatic method In the history of national construction and defense, Vietnamese people the long tradition of diplomacy. we often had to fight against might invaders which needed a lot of diplomatic methods including “heart” one. This method is applied in all times. Taking advantage of, convincing and conquering the